Substitute Goods Essay Example For Students

Substitute Goods Essay In economics, one kind of good (or service) is said to be a substitute good for another kind insofar as the two kinds of goods can be consumed or used in place of one another in at least some of their possible uses. Classic examples of substitute goods include margarine and butter, or petroleum and natural gas (used for heating or electricity). The fact that one good is substitutable for another has immediate economic consequences: insofar as one good can be substituted for another, the demand for the two kinds of good will be bound together by the fact that customers can trade off one good for the other if it becomes advantageous to do so. We will write a custom essay on Substitute Goods specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Thus, an increase in price for one kind of good (ceteris paribus) will result in an increase in demand for its substitute goods, and a decrease in price (ceteris paribus, again) will result in a decrease in demand for its substitutes. Thus, economists can predict that a spike in the cost of wood will likely mean increased business for bricklayers, or that falling cellular phone rates will mean a fall-off in business for public pay phones. It is important to note that when speaking about substitute goods we are speaking about two different kinds of goods; so the substitutability of one good for another is always a matter of degree. One good is a perfect substitute for another only if it can be used in exactly the same way, at exactly the same cost, and with exactly the same quality of outcome; that is, when there is no particular incentive for a customer to prefer one over the other. Needless to say, there are relatively few perfect substitutes except between two goods of the same kind. Much more common is for goods to be imperfect substitutes for one another. Compact discs and cassettes, for example, can both be used for the same purpose (as media for recording and replaying sound), but there are significant differences between the two in terms of durability, sound quality, and the cost of the recording media and the equipment used to record on it. As a result the two can be substituted for one another, but there are significant trade-offs involved in deciding to substitute one for the other: if you buy a tape instead of a CD, you may pay less, but you will get lower sound quality and a less durable good; if you buy a CD instead of a tape, you may get better sound quality but you will pay more and you may not be able to listen to the CD in your car. Nevertheless, CDs and cassettes are substitute goods (though only imperfectly): and so if changes in the market tend to erode the advantages f choosing cassettes over CDs (such as a decrease in CD prices or increased availability of car CD players) it will tend to increase the demand for CDs and decrease the demand for cassettes. The opposite of a substitute good is a complement good. In other words, good substitution is an economic concept where two goods are of comparable value. Car brands are an example. While someone could argue that Ford trucks are much different from Toyota tr ucks, If the price of Ford trucks goes up enough, some people will buy Toyota trucks instead.

Output devices and techniques Essay Example

Output devices and techniques Essay Example Output devices and techniques Paper Output devices and techniques Paper For this assignment we have to produce a report on the types of hardware and software requirements, and their purposes, for an IT system. In the context of this essay I have decided that bullet point form along with brief descriptions and graphics is the best way to present this assignment. 6 STAGE MODEL Shown above is the six-stage model, showing the processes undertaken by a computer system. Below is what each of my pictures represents: Mouse: Input Device   The Tower: Central Processing Unit Monitor: Output Device   Floppy Disk: Backing Store. Head: Main Memory   Telephone: Communications Devices e. g. Internet Input Devices and Techniques Input devices are the means whereby computers can accept data or instructions (Heathcott P M, 2000, p 159)   Keyboard: The keyboard is the most commonly used of all input devices. It can be used for a various number of tasks, form entering programs, to typing documents using a word processor, or entering a persons personal details etc.   Mouse: The mouse and its variants such as the trackball is well known with all PC users. Scanner: A scanner can be used to scan graphical images and photographs, and software can then be used to edit or touch up the images. Scanners can also be used to read typed or hand-writtten documents and this can then be interpreted by using OCR software, which can then export it to a word processor or data file. Scanners can also be used to input large volumes of data on pre-printed forms such as credit card payments, where the customers account number and amount paid are printed at the bottom of the payment slip. Web Cam: This transfers images onto the screen. In can be used via the internet for video conferencing or you can even pre-record messages and send them via E-mail. Bar Code Reader: Bar codes appear on almost everything we buy, whether it is a new CD or a tin of bins. The pattern of thick thin lines represents the 13 digit number underneath the bar code. There are four main pieces of information on a bar code. The first few two or three digits represent in which country the product was registered. The next five digits represent the manufacturers code. The second group of five numbers represents the product and package size. The last digit is a check digit, which is calculated from the other digits in the code and ensures that the barcode is keyed in or read correctly. A very similar process to that used in the ASCII code where the spare digit is used as the parity. A Product Bar Code Light Pen: A light pen is a device which incorporates a light sensor so that when it is held close to a screen over a character or part of a graphic, the object is detected and can be moved to create or modify graphics.   Microphone: An input devise for sound recording. OMR (Optical Mark Recognition): An Optical Mark Reader can detect marks made in present positions on a form. The most common example of this is the lottery. It is also widely used for marking, multiple choice exams and market research questionnaires.   OCR (Optical Character Recognition): Light is emitted, bounced back and then received. This is how the OCR reads its characters. The light emitted is in different resolutions depending on the character. OCR is used widely in services such as gas and electricity etc.   MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition): All banks use MICR for processing cheques. Along the bottom of a cheque the banks sort code, customer account number and cheque number are encoded in special characters in magnetic ink. The amount of the cheque is encoded in magnetic ink when it is handed in at the bank. The cheques can then be processed by MICR devices that read, sort and store the data on disk. MICR has several advantages for processing cheques: 1. It is hard to forge the characters 2. The characters can be read even if the cheque is crumpled, dirty or smudged 3. The characters are readable by humans, unlike bar codes The disadvantage of MICR though is the expense. This is why you dont find many other examples of it being used.   Swipe Cards: Swipe cards are operated by using a magnetic strip. They are used in credit cards, debit cards, railway tickets, phone cards and many others. The magnetic strip can be encoded with upto 220 characters of data and other 83% of adults in Britain own at least one card. Unfortunately because there are only 220 characters of data this makes the cards very easy to copy, which is why the strips will eventually, disappear and be replaced by a chip, which is almost impossible to fake. Something slightly similar to the smart card. Smart Cards: Smart cards are of a similar appearance to that of the swipe cards, but instead of using the magnetic strip they contain a small 1-millimeter square microprocessor which is stored in the centre of the card. This is then protected by a small gold electrical contact the card can still read information through this. Unlike the swipe card the smart cards can hold millions of characters of data. In the future banks hope to replace all the swipe cards with a Super card which will also be able to be used to pay for smaller goods such as milk and newspapers without the need to carry cash. This card will almost be unbreakable. In Belgium they already have a similar system working to this it is called the Proton Card, which incorporates the use of both magnetic strip and a microprocessor chip for bank withdrawals and payments of small goods. The Smart Card   Touch Sensitive Screens: A touch sensitive screen allows the user to touch an area of the screen rather than having to type the data on a keyboard. They are widely used in tourist centres, where tourists can look up various local facilities and entertainments, in fast food stores such as McDonalds for entering customer orders, in manufacturing, and also bars. Digitisers: A digitiser can draw quality illustrations. It has a flat rectangular slab onto which a stylus (anything that terminates in a point) is placed. Output Devices and Techniques The ultimate aim of the computer is to produce useful information, the information that is produced by the computer is in binary digits, we therefore need devices to translate these into a form we can use (Corbitt T, 1990, p 11)   VDU: (Visual Display Unit) The VDU is similar in appearance to the television receiver, an alternative name is the monitor. VDUs have better resolution than TVs and therefore are better for graphical work. It has its own fixed amount of RAM (Random Access Memory) associated with it to store the image being displayed on the screen. So the more RAM it has the better the resolution displayed on the screen. The number of pixels used to represent a full: If 1 bit represents each pixel then two colours can be displayed, so to display 256 colours you would need 8 bits (1byte) It is usually possible to adjust both the resolution and the number colours if you select a high resolution you wont be able to have as many colours because of the memory available on the VDU. Printers The results of processing are usually required in printed form. Printers come in all shapes and sizes, there are two main categories of printers:   Impact Printers which transfer the image on to the paper by applying pressure against a ribbon onto the paper, this transfers ink form the ribbon to the paper forming the image   Non-impact Printers which produce the image on the paper without any contact. Impact Printers   Dot-matrix: The characters on this are formed by dots. The print head contains a number of needles, the more there are of these the better the quality of print. A head with nine needles would take seven horizontal movements to print a character, this printer would be said to have a seven-by-nine-character matrix. In the latest type near letter quality is produced by double printing. The line of type is printed, the head moves back to the beginning of the line, moves down fractionally and then prints the line a second time. This doubles the time taken to print a document. To overcome this more expensive models use twice the number of needles and near letter quality can be achieved with one pass of the head. The dot-matrix can also print out graphics and pictures of a basic quality. Dot-matrix printers, which can print in colour, are available, these use a ribbon which contains red, green and blue. Coloured output is obtained by repeated printing, repositioning of the paper, print head and ribbon. The dot-matrix can print between 30 and 200 characters per second (cps).   Daisy-wheel printers: The print head consists of flexible arms extending from a centre hub, the characters are at the tips of the arms. When printing the hub revolves bringing the required character next to the ribbon. Some daisy-wheel printers are bi-directional and the print head can turn in either direction so that quickest possible print time is achieved. The print can be changed so that different font styles can be used. Daisy wheel printers are unable to print graphics unlike the dot-matrix. It is capable of speed ranges 12 to 55 cps. Non-impact printers   Thermal printers: These use specially treated paper, which is affected by heat generated by the print head as it passes across the paper. The main advantages are that they are silent and fast, printing 30-120 cps. Disadvantages are that the paper is expensive and that the printed image degrades in time.   Ink-jet printer: With this type of printer the characters are formed on the paper by spraying it with a stream of ink dots. They are fast, printing 150-270 cps and almost soundless, the quality of print is very good. A Canon Bubble Jet Printer BJC7000   Plotters: Plotters are used to produce drawings, diagrams and other types of graphical output. There are two varieties in use, the flatbed plotter which is used where accuracy is important and the drum plotter which is used for business applications. The flatbed type is fixed while the pen moves over the top of the device while the axis moves up and down, whilst the drum variety uses continuous stationery. In both types the pens, under the program control, are moved to the down position, the movement of the pens is then controlled to draw the image. There are from one to six pens, which can be used to output different colours. There is also the less commonly known graph plotter. This is most commonly seen in use for lie detector tests.   COM: (Computer Output on Microfilm) The problem of storing information on paper can be considerable in a large business. One way to solve this is to have output from the computer photographed as microscopic images directly onto microfilm. Two methods of storage are used, one put the information onto a roll of 16mm film while the other uses microfiche. Microfiche can store upto 100 pages of A4 on a single piece, to see it you must have a microfiche reader. The most recent examples of this being used is in libraries and in garages for checking car parts. Data can be stored onto microfilm directly from the computer or off line using magnetic tape as an intermediary store. Voice output: The output of the computer can be given in spoken form by using voice synthesisers to transform words stored in the computer into human speech, this is great for disabled people who cannot speak as it allows them to communicate. The user can hear through a loudspeaker. Secondary device techniques A permanent, non-volatile form of storage is required by all computer systems to save software and data files. Magnetic tape, magnetic disks, CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory), and microfilm are all examples of what is known as secondary storage.

A Survey of Advances in Biometric Security Research Paper

A Survey of Advances in Biometric Security - Research Paper Example The research paper primarily emphasizes upon the analysis of the advancement that has been seen in the field of biometrics over the years, which has widened its implementation and popularity in the recent time. It has been learnt that biometric solutions have become quite popular amid various sectors of the society with regard to its importance as a security control measures. The technology works for analyzing and evaluating the identification of any individual through examining their physical and biological elements. It is believed that the technology assure utmost accuracy while executing the process of data accumulation and data analysis further ensuring the proper identification of any individuals. This aspect further aids in assuring protection of any secured areas or confidential networks. There are several forms of biometric security solutions, such DNA identification, fingerprint analysis, face recognition and etc. However, it is believed that there are certain errors that ca n take place in the process of executing security measures through the use of biometric solutions. This particular aspect, impact the social acceptance of the system. It is known that use of biometric solutions has its origination since the early civilization where many of the approaches currently used by biometric solutions were used for various purposes. It can be concluded that biometric security solutions has developed rapidly over the years and recently has gained widespread acceptance as one of the most reliable security measures.

New Media Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New Media - Term Paper Example To those who are not able to compete with the latest and best gadgets, what is generally considered is the ability to have access to new media. This has become a necessity to the modern person who seems to be unable to live in a world which has become so small with the use of the internet. On top of such media, other media within the medium like social networking sites become equally important especially to people who like to get in touch with their loved ones here or abroad. The latest social networking site that made the youngest billionaire in the person of Mark Zuckerberg, a former Harvard student is making the life of a lot of people easier and cheaper. Loved ones who are miles apart can contact each other through the internet and can exchange messages in a matter of seconds. This is not to mention the availability of the medium of communication to be the cheapest as compared to telephone bills. The world has become smaller with people able to find their partners from one end of the earth to another through the use of the popular networking site.

History of architecture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of architecture - Research Paper Example Renaissance design involved utilization of hemispherical domes, aedicules, niches, and semicircular arches (Frommel 148). Villa Capra Rotonda is located in an isolated area outside Vicenza, a city in the northern region of Italy. Villa Capra Rotonda is built on a hilltop outside Vicenza. The building forms a square on top of the hill providing a clear view of the environment. Villa Rotonda is distinguished by the presence of four facades. Most of the ancient designs comprised a single facade. However, Palladio was able to include all the four facades in the design of Villa Rotonda, making it unique. Villa Capra Rotonda represents a more secular thinking in the Renaissance by bringing its patron closer to God (Palladio et al. 68). The building location indicates how the residents wanted to be closer to God. In addition, the Villa is highly lighted giving an indication of the purity and the close relationship the owner had with God. The dome created at the centre of the Villa is another indication of the relationship between the building and godliness. The building creates a connection to God since it was intended for retired priests from Rome. The design of Villa Capra Rotonda resembles that of most of the churches across Italy and Greek especially the inclusion of the semi-hemispherical domes at the building centre, hence a representation of heaven (Frommel., 2007, p. 48). Villa Capra Rotonda is located on a hilltop outside Vicenza in Italy. Most of the ancient churches were located away from the urban areas creating a God atmosphere for worshiping. Villa Rotonda is located in the countryside of Vicenza city which would give the pope an excellent atmosphere to pray and relate with God. The isolated location of the Villa is another reflection of its relationship with God. This is because; churches were not located in crowded places and the patron of Villa Rotonda decided to construct a resident who

Cinemas Impact On Society

Cinemas Impact On Society In the subcontinent there are numerous traditions and practices that are based on ignorance and which have captivated the progress of the societies. Of such negative influenced ignorance, unsociability, dowry systems, rigidity of caste system and purdah system have done remarkable harm to the society. These influences are present in our society and are practiced without the repercussion of the aftermath that they bring with them, the society keeps following them like nobility preached through ancestral traditions. Cinema films have, had and will continue to torch light to eradicate the stubborn stains in the sub continental society. Cinema has been used to promote eradication of trafficking, illiteracy, slavery, promote national integration, family planning, and inter caste/religion marriages. Cinema can be used as a tool to contribute to guide the society to proceed along the righteous path. It has been and will be used as a mean to remove ignorance from the sub continental society. http://essaysandarticles.com/science/the-cinema%E2%80%94-its-impact-on-society There are dynamic views and realization of cinema to different people associated to this form of media, for instance for the Producers it is a mean of a lucrative business, for directors and backroom staff, it is a form of canvas for them there they can perform their art work to the masses for personal desire and satisfaction, for on screen performers, such as actors and actresses, its is a mean of earning money and face value, while for the masses it is a mean of cheap and interesting form of entertainment and pastime for their viewing and listening pleasure. This is one of the key reasons why cinema has been a flourishing industry for ages and hold of a major market share of the entertainment industry. http://www.preservearticles.com/201106127879/essay-on-the-effect-of-cinema-on-our-society.html Indian Cinema: Since its beginning with the film Raja Harish Chandra (1913), the cinema has remained the most powerful media for mass communication in India. Cinema has the ability to combine entertainment with communication of ideas. It has the potential appeal for its audience. It certainly leaves other media far behind in making such an appeal. As in literature, cinema has produced much which touches the innermost layers of the man. It mirrors the episodes in such a manner that leaves an impact on the coming generations. Cinema presents an image of the society in which it is born and the hopes, aspirations, frustration and contradictions present in any given social order. In the present era, cinema is getting replaced by small screen productions. Televised serials and programmes are replacing craze. They advertise and earn revenue for industry. Thus films telecast has become a source of further income for the industry and trade. Man has instincts, different thoughts flow which leave an effect on the minds. The person laughs with the films and tears with them. Scenes of Shaheed Bhagat Singh, a film by Raj Kumar Santoshi and Manoj Goswami makes people national-minded and sentimentally involved in the film show. The fim dialogues are occupying places in our real life. Dialogues of Mugle Azam found place in the normal interaction of people for a long time. People talked and walked like Prithvi Raj, the great king Akbar. In the same way, plays by Agha Hashat and Devdas by Sharat Chandra left a deep impact on the masses. In the same way, film Sholey created an imending effect on so many. http://www.preservearticles.com/201106127879/essay-on-the-effect-of-cinema-on-our-society.html Example of Bengali Cinema and how it portrays: Bengali cinema is closely linked to Modernity and Realism. The most renowned and famous film makers of the Bengali cinema along with the modernist thoughts chose the genre of realism to reach to a new height. Ritwik Ghatak and Satyajit Ray are some of the greatest examples, who have played with the theme of realism and modernity in their films. Modernity is a vast topic and can be defined into many ways. But we will mainly focus on the artistic, social and political modernization. Satyajit Rays film Pather Pancheli is one of the ultimate examples of films portraying realism along with several elements of modernity. It was an inspiration to Vittorio De Siccas Bicycle Thief, 1948 which was based on Italian neo-realism. Rays work was a stroke of genius. It reflected the social progress and change in Bengal and also had modernized ideas and concepts. In his film Pather Panchali, Ray has focused on leaving the old ideas behind, moving on and working on new concepts. He put emphasis on the fact that, with the passage of time the conventional ways of living, family ideas and traditional lifestyle have become outdated and needs to be altered accordingly. During the climax, Apu and his family, leaves their home and later departs from the village. Their ancestors home was the sole reason why they were not leaving that village. They shifted to another place for a better living and life style. By relocating, they were able to sell off the old house which was of no use to them, instead was the reason for their daughters life. This film is an evolution from traditional times to modern way of living. Ray used many metaphors throughout his film which were related to a need for change and modernity. I think old aunt was a perfect example of metaphorical usage. She was exhausted, old woman who had nothing to do than just wandering around the house. She is frequently told by everyone to leave which indicates that she is unwanted and worthless in the house. The family feared famine, survival and poverty. They were unhappy about the traditional way of living and traditions. The same way, they were annoyed by the presence of old aunt. Later, we founds out that the old aunt rambles, after several unsuccessful attempts of searching for a shelter place, she dies. Death of old ideas is the metaphorical meaning of old aunts death. Ray wishes for a change, something which is never ending. Through his illustrations, he focused on a need for change so that we can break away from the traditions which are holding us back an d is a form of barrier to our progress. By means of aunt death, he is able to show how traditions have become out-of-date. Rays another great work Charulata (1964), also focuses on bringing a change. The story sets in an upper middle class Bengali society. In this context, a lonesome housewife falls in love with her brother-in-law while they both were boosting each other to write. He applied two different thoughts of traditionalism and modernity, home and desire and literature and politics together. Rays films have a humanistic approach. The depth of his works is far reaching. It has captured the human heart and extracted the emotions from it. Apu throwing the necklace stolen by Durga, Amal leaving home for the fear of being unfaithful, Durga stealing food from her aunt are examples of Rays humanistic work. Ray is also inspired by Neo-realism. From my point of view, it is because his stories are largely concentrating on the society. He cannot make them fictional because then it would irrelevant to the society. His stories are not meant to be films, in fact a reality which was an image of the society in which he has lived in. It was a complete imitation of Bengali society. The characters were portrayal of real personalities. For example, Durga is Hindu mythological character. When you look at her, you will not judge her as a good or evil character but will think of her as a woman who had existed in the past and had different attributes which mirrored her personality. She wasnt a fictional character. Correspondingly, Ritwik Ghataks films introduced the modernistic themes of isolation, alienation and need for home that evolves around the Bengali society. In his socially applicable film Ajantrik, Ghatak brought together the concept of isolation and alienation to the society. He demonstrates a mans love for his car; car is a lifeless object. That man had a disturbed social life where he was not able to bond tighter with people around him. There are scenes like when Bimal is having a conversation with his car. He takes care of his car like he is a living companion. At the same time, didnt give importance to what the society says. This shows the importance of the car, Jagaddal. Ghatak treat the car as a living character and not as a prop. He also showed the cars point of view. He wants to prove his point that with the introduction of modernization; nowadays people are more materialistic orientated. They value property more than relations. Likewise in Subarnarekha (1965), Ghatak has focused more on the theme of home (alongside the sub-themes such as relations and happiness.His work is also about modernity, change and its effects and how partition affected Ghatak and the society. Subarnarekha is a after partition story of a family relocating to the bank of Subarnarekha River. Throughout the story, Sita search for happiness. He talks about the new home feeling and that she confesses her secrets, happiness and woes to a river. What I learned from Ghataks films is he considers that society has transformed from being a community to a combined living of different characters. Individualism is present all over his work. People have how people have gone from being lovers of nature and man-made beauty (like lakes and montains) to cars and property. One may say that in the films of both, Satyajit Ray and Ritwik Ghatak, you can find many modernist essentials. Their work ranges from content to themes like anthropomorphism, home and modernity; also their craft which is the use of POV shots, Brechtian elements, different style of cinematography and manipulating space. Conclusion It is always good and well groomed to see good subjects on cinema. They have a very positive and long-lasting effect on the minds whereas cheap and shabby movies affect the tender minds of audience very badly. There is general feeling that present day crimes are all due to effects of cinema. Besides open and demonstrative subjects throw tarnished messages. They spoil our culture, and society. Cinema and TV badly affect the health of the youngsters. They neglect studies and physical games to spend more time on this entertainment. School-going children and society children fail to make use of good impacts and are influenced by the bad part of the programmes on the air. The motive is not to discard cinema or TV telecast so easily. The desirable act will be to selective and choosy for programmes. Good movies should be seen by the students. The movies of TV shows should be very much restricted and for a fix time. The cinema exercises a great influence on the mind of the people. It has a great educative value. It can achieve splendid results in the field of expansion of education. There are certain subjects, such as science and geography, which can be more effec ­tively taught with the help of talkies. Lessons on road sense, rules of hygiene and civic sense can be taught to the students and the public as well in a very effective manner with the help of cinema pictures. Many successful experiments have been made in various countries on the utility of films as a means of education. Feature films have been produced for school and college students and students are being benefitted by them. Cinema films have the power to influence the thinking of the people. They have changed the society and social trends. They have introduced new fashions in society. They may be described as pace-setters. They can create a direct impact on our social life. Films can go a long way towards arousing national consciousness and also in utilising the energies of the youth in social reconstruc ­tion and nation-building by a skilful adaption of good moral, social and educative themes, and by introduction of popular sentiments, films can, to a great extent, formulate and guide public opinion

Sigmund Freud’s Interpretation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus Essay exa

Sigmund Freud’s Interpretation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus Throughout the years, there have been many interpretations of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus. However, one of the most interesting interpretations of the play would have to be one that uses the theories of Sigmund Freud to analyze the actions of the characters. The use of various aspects of Freudian theory such as the id, ego, superego, and the Oedipus Complex reveals Oedipus and his behaviors throughout the course of the play. In order to completely understand Oedipus and his actions, we must first understand the basics of Freud’s theories. One of the most well known aspects of Freudian theory is the Oedipus Complex. We can already see a relationship between the Oedipus Complex and the play just by looking at the name of this particular theory. The Oedipus Complex is a characteristic of young boys in which they experience a strong attachment toward their mother and feelings of hatred and jealousy toward their father. "The ‘little man’ would like to have the mother all to himself. The father’s presence is disturbing [to the boy]. When the [father] shows tenderness toward the little boy’s mother, the little boy is irritated, and he expresses satisfaction when the father is away or on a journey" (Mullahay 25). The young child would like to have his mother’s attention at all times, and he would also like to have his father out of the picture. The Oedipus Complex theory also states that the boy may not only want his father out of the picture, but he may also want to be in his father’s place when it comes to having sexual relations with the mother. According to Freud, many boys have this strong desire to be sexually intimate with their mother. Another of Freud’s theo... ...known of his secret desires and wanted to castrate him. In this way, castration theory can be related to the Oedipus Complex and the theory of the id, ego, and superego. To many, Freud’s theories seem bizarre and eccentric. Once we learn and understand his ideas, we can see how these theories can be connected with Oedipus Tyrannus. Now that we understand Freud’s ideas, and his interpretation of Oedipus Tyrannus, we can make our own judgements and form our own thoughts and ideas of the play. Works Cited: Mullahay, Patrick. Oedipus Myth and Complex. A Review of Psychoanalytic Theory. New York: Hermitage Press, 1951. "Psychoanalytic Criticism." Assumptions College. Worcester, Massachusetts. October 11, 2000 http://www.aswsumption.edu/HTML/Academic/users/ady/HHGateway/Gateway/Psychapp.html. Rudnytski, Peter. Freud and Oedipus. New York: Columbia UP, 1987.

Great Gatsby Ending Essay

This book interprets the overall theme of hope as what Gatsby had been driven by but in the end did not achieve. The green light of Daisy’s dock drove Gatsby and he believed in it. He was eluded by it in the past, but there was still hope that he would one day achieve his goal. This book shows how Gatsby worked to achieve his goals relentlessly but in the end he failed to achieve his hopes and dreams. The ending of the book interprets that you cannot live in the past, because it will hinder your hopes and dreams. You can have hopes and dreams, but living in the past will hinder your achieving them. Fitzgerald leaves the ending to the book open to interpretation. The point of having hopes and dreams is to achieve a goal, however Gatsby did not achieve his in the end. Gatsby is delusional and cannot accept the fact that his dream is gone. He will continue to strive for his goal, denying the fact that in the end it will not happen. The overall theme of the book is that you can have hopes and dreams that will drive you, but ultimately these hopes and dreams are probably unattainable. Ultimately, the American Dream may be a myth, but that does not mean that you shouldn’t chase your dreams. The ending of this book stresses that Gatsby every day was committed to his dream of being with Daisy again. The green dock light reminded Gatsby of this goal every day and he focused his hopes and dreams upon this and dreamed that they would one day be together again. This however, was a bad move because Gatsby lived in the past in order to believe that his hopes and dreams would occur. He had once been engaged to Daisy five years earlier and thought that even though she was married and had a kid that she could just drop it all so that things for Gatsby would just go back to the way that things were. This living in the past does not help dreams and goals.

Health of Men and Women Essay Example

Health of Men and Women Essay Example Health of Men and Women Paper Health of Men and Women Paper Developments in health and medicine have enabled men and women to live longer lives than their ancestors. Based on a survey conducted by National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Paddock (13 September 2007) reported that life expectancy of Americans had increased to 78 years in 2005. However, the life expectancy was only 76 years in 1995, whereas in 1955, the life expectancy of Americans was only 70 years. Both men and women are more careful about their health, and dietary requirements since they consume nutritious diet according to their age, undertake fitness programs in heath clubs, and aim for achieving spiritual elevation as well as mental peace through meditation and yogic exercises. In spite of an increase in life expectancy of humans, they are still vulnerable to several killer diseases like heart disease, cancer, stroke, suicide, diabetes, and many other fatal diseases. A few health concerns for men and women along with their preventive measures, top five diseases that claim the maximum lives of men and women, and the effectiveness of fitness programs in professional health clubs are discussed in this paper. Common Health Problems and Their Prevention Both men and women are vulnerable to the impurities of the surrounding environment. Every human has an immune system, which guards against the toxins, the harmful bacteria and viruses, and the allergens. However, there is a tolerance limit beyond which the human body can not cope up with the deleterious disease causing organisms. As a result, men and women become sick when one or more of their organs catch infection. In its report dated April 2, 2009, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention highlighted that heart disease is the number one killer of Americans, with 652,091 deaths annually. Cancer, stroke, chronic lower respiratory diseases, accidents, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, influenza, pneumonia, nephritis, and septicemia are the other leading causes of deaths in American men and women. All these diseases that are prevalent in adult men and women, tend to increase in their risk of occurrence with the age of an individual. The risk of occurrence reduces when balanced diet and regular exercises are incorporated in the daily lifestyle. Further, hypertension is often an important factor that causes stroke and heart diseases. Although awareness about these fatal diseases can be effective in preventive their occurrence, it depends on the individual to avert such an occurrence of a life threatening disease by strictly adhering to the prescriptions of a physician, and to avail of the latest medical technology available for diagnosis and treatment. In a shocking revelation from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Zamora highlighted that â€Å"women are 33% more likely than men to visit a doctor in general.† Men are considered to be strong and resilient, and that is why, they tend to hide their health problems from others. They ignore bruises and pains, for which women would normally seek the advice of a doctor. Small health concerns, when ignored, and not properly diagnosed in their early stages, lead to life-threatening diseases. For example, let us take the case of lung cancer that is caused by smoking of tobacco, and by exposure to air pollution. Both men and women are vulnerable to fatal lung cancer, but they can reduce the risk of its occurrence by quitting smoking, and by preventing direct exposure to air pollutants like dust, and smoke from vehicles as well as industrial chimneys. National Cancer Institute has reported more than 100 types of cancer including the dreadful colon cancer. Due to a poor intake of dietary fiber by men and women, there is a poor peristaltic movement of the digestive tract, which leads to constipation, flatulence, and an irritable temperament. However, a balanced diet having appropriate amounts of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber can prevent the major health problems in both men and women. The amount of calories intake depends on the age of individual, the gender, and the kind of work performed- active or sedentary. Based on the findings of United States Department of Agriculture, Los Angeles Times (2009) reported that active females from 19-30 years of age, need 2400 calories per day, while active males in the same age group need 3000 calories per day. The requirement of calories per day is 2000 for sedentary females in the age group of 19-30. The same trend applies to sedentary males: 19-30 age group requires 2400 calories per day. Thus, if the amount of calories be taken according to the discussion, the major health problems in men and women can be prevented. Top 5 Diseases That Cause Deaths in Men Zamora stated that heart disease, stroke, suicide, prostate cancer, and lung cancer are the top five diseases that cause deaths in men. Neglect of their healthcare, and avoiding a meeting with a physician were cited as the two main factors, which aggravate an illness in men to an extent that it eventually leads to an early death. From a study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Zamora reported that 25% men suffer from a heart disease. It was also stated that men have their first heart attack at the age of 65.8 years, but they could live much longer, if they take diagnostic tests, and proper treatment. Based on the conclusions drawn by American Heart Association, Zamora mentioned that increasing age, smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes were the major risk factors for the occurrence of a heart disease. The second major killer disease in men is stroke, which is caused predominantly, by hypertension, although occurrence of heart disease, smoking, physical inactivity, and obesity also lead to stroke. The third major cause of death in men is suicide. Zamora reported that untreated depression is the root cause of suicide in men. The fourth leading cause of death in men is lung cancer. It was stated by Zamora that smoking, air pollution, and exposure to asbestos were the major factors, which lead to occurrence of lung cancer. Prostate Cancer is the fifth killer disease in men, which is caused mainly due to intake of high-fat diet. Zamora recommended early diagnosis as the only preventive option for treatment of prostate cancer.

The Issue Essay Example

The Issue Essay Example The Issue Essay The Issue Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Journal 1 The Issue Poverty is a major cause for mental and psychological imbalance. Many poor people in the world are more likely to be affected by mental and psychological diseases. Psychological and mental conditions can also be aggravated by the conditions in which poor people live in. Majority of the poor people suffering from mental diseases are exposed to harsh living and social conditions. Many of them can barely cater for their treatment expenses. Most poor people cannot access health care centers and in most cases are abandoned by their next of kin. Poverty allows mental health to thrive; it presents a perfect case for people to suffer from mental illnesses. Poor people are faced with many problems. They are always anxious of what tomorrow holds for them. They are always faced with the challenge of providing for their families even when there is nothing to offer. They live in constant fear of not succeeding in their quest for a desirable livelihood. Poverty is characterized with a daily strug gle to survive, and the mental implications that come with failure are adverse. All these factors create very favorable conditions for mental and psychological complications. Poverty and mental health therefore represent a vicious cycle that ravages through society’s poor leaving an indelible mark in the lives of its victims. Children from poor families are more unlikely to get a decent education and usually perform poorly compared to their counterparts from well off families. Poor people who are mentally ill also suffer from a variety of human rights violations. Most of them undergo both sexual and physical abuse and face many forms of discrimination. Creating a favorable and comfortable environment for poor people suffering from mental illnesses will improve their welfare. Interventions in this case will go a long way in eradicating poverty as well as ensuring that mental illness is kept at check. Governments therefore need to intervene in this area of public health to deal with poverty as a whole, and ensure mentally ill people gain access to treatment. Mental heath professionals must ensure that they treat cases of mental illnesses among the po or with the deserved importance. Research Question How can the government and mental health professionals intervene to ensure that cases of mental illness among the poor reduce? The issues affecting mental health patients require policy intervention. The government and stakeholders in public health must act to ensure that people who are poor and mentally ill receive assistance. It is the sole duty of the government to provide accessible and affordable healthcare to its citizens. The government also has a duty to ensure that citizens live in good conditions. Mental health professionals too are obliged by the nature of their profession to participate in any initiative that might improve the welfare of mental health patients. An improvement in the conditions of living of mentally ill patients will benefit not only the patients but also the mental health profession as a whole. The interaction between mental health and poverty represent a vicious cycle that in turn affects a country’s economy and its development as a whole. It als o means that these people are at an increased risk of becoming poorer. The government needs to intervene in order to stop this vicious cycle. The government must put in place policies that will address the issue of mental illness in poor households. Government policy must therefore address the twin issues of poverty and mental health. Access to mental health care should be made easy and poor people should be assisted in seeking specialized health care for their mental health problems. This is a critical issue in health, wellness and psychology. Poverty affects the wellness of a person while mental health touches on both health and psychology. This research links well with my concentrations and will help focus attention on the plight of poor mentally ill people. It shall easily assist in finding solutions to the problems they face. Annotation Lipman, Ellen L, and Michael H. Boyle. Linking Poverty and Mental Health: A Lifespan View. Ottawa, Ont: Provincial Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health at CHEO, 2011. Internet resource. In their book, these authors examine the issues presented by my research question. Their book studies the relationship between poverty and the psycho-mental health of youth. In this book Lipman et al, suggest that the mental effects that poverty has on the youth can sometimes extend even to adulthood. They argue that there is a strong relationship between poverty and mental problems among the youth and that compared to youth from well off families, they are most likely to develop mental problems. They say that mental health is not only affected by household poverty but also communal poverty. They add that mental health is affected by several factors that include familial conflicts, the mental health of the parents and social distress. Davis, Ann, and Phil Hill. Poverty, Social Exclusion and Mental Health in the Uk 1978-2000: A Resource Pack. London: Mental Health Foundation, 2001. Print. In their book, Ann and Hill clearly illustrate the existing relationship between poverty and mental health. They argue that, for policies that address these needs to be formulated, there is a need for the policy makers to understand the underlying effects of poverty on mental health. They propose a system that will grant the poor and mentally ill benefits that will enable them seek appropriate treatment. They also propose that governments must also address the needs of the poor and establish agendas for communities ravaged by poverty. They call for the establishment of poverty awareness education in the instruction of mental health professionals so that they may respond to such issues with the urgency and importance required. Davis, Ann, and Phil Hill. Poverty, Social Exclusion and Mental Health in the Uk 1978-2000: A Resource Pack. London: Mental Health Foundation, 2001. Print. Lipman, Ellen L, and Michael H. Boyle. Linking Poverty and Mental Health: A Lifespan View. Ottawa, Ont: Provincial Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health at CHEO, 2011. Web. 28 January 2013.

Wk5 Progress a Assign. INTL304 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Wk5 Progress a Assign. INTL304 - Assignment Example Measurement and signatures intelligence is a form of material sampling intelligence collection which detects, locates and explains those characteristics which are possessed by the target objects. The data which is collected from these objects is then translated into understandable target characteristics. It is used to avail needed intelligence to commander all through the spectrum of operations so as to give them a full understanding. Raw information which is to be later processed is to be collected through materials acquisition intelligence collection. A number of sources can be used to collect this important data. Signals intelligence is the first source whereby interception of signals between people is done. This is done by the National Security Agency which collects processes and reports the signal intelligence. Imagery intelligence is also collected from visual photography and radars sensors by the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency. The central Measurement and Signature intelligence organization identifies and describes the characteristics of specific targets through use of scientific and technical intelligence. To collect intelligence from human sources, the Central Intelligence Agency, Department of State and the FBI are used. Intelligence is also collected from the publicly available information such as print and mass media by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service and the National Air and space Intelligence center. Lastly, the information available in the imagery and geospatial data is collected by the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency1. With increase in nuclear attacks threats, there is a change in demand for innovation of technologies, which can identify the origin of a detonated nuclear weapon. The tool, which carries out this particular task, has the capability of collecting and identifying the radioisotopes

The beauty of islam art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The beauty of islam art - Essay Example The beauty of Islamic art, considering outward beauty and inward beauty, has its source in the past. The human activities are integrated to the extent into Islamic; they are a shore up for beauty that really transcends these actions for it is the Islamic beauty itself (Critch, 2004, 8). The art of Islamic receives its beauty from Islamic itself and not from any other ethic genius, and just as the science of Islamic originated in the Hadith and Qur’an, so the Islamic art typical form is rooted in the Islamic spirit. Inward beauty is the beauty of the heart or of the soul, and which necessary emanates outwards, transforming each individual action hooked on an art, and all art into Gods remembrance. As Islamic art is essential to all Muslim’s part of life and makes it beautiful, so the Islamic art ought to be used to invent the things of the everyday life with beauty. In Islamic art, the emphasis is not an art in favor of art’s sake, but it is an art on