Zero Tolerance on Bullying Essay examples - 512 Words

Zero Tolerance on Bullying Bullying has been a problem in society for as long as there has been schools. â€Å"According to the American Academy of child and adolescent psychiatry, fifty percent of children are bullied and ten percent are victims of bullying on a regular basis† [Gurian]. Bullies are showing no compassion or remorse for the emotional and physical pain that they cause their victims. There are different forms of bullying, from teasing, isolating, starting false rumors, threats of violence, and physical abuse, which all leave long lasting emotional pain. With the Web being a big part of everyday life, â€Å"Cyber Bullying† is a tool that is often used by bullies to continue their victims torment. â€Å"A number of children and†¦show more content†¦The problem with giving the children that are being bullied, the chance to deal with this on their own, is that, if it has been going on for years, they might start to think that things will never get b etter, and if no one comes to their aid or ignores them when they ask for help, they will feel like no one cares; and they will start to believe the harsh comments that are being said or written about them. Children can be very harsh with their words, digging into their victim’s insecurities, as well as stating comments like the world would be better without them, or no one will miss them when they are gone, and it is these types of comments that the victim begins to believe, that makes them hurt themselves or others. All children are different and deal with being bullied differently, and to assume that it is good for the victim to deal with it on their own is a mistake. Many children witness others being bullied and do not interfere, out of fear that they will be bullied as well, and the problem there is that, if the children that are being bullied, as well as the witnesses choose to not say anything about what is going on, then there is a chance that the bulling will contin ue. The truth is that no bullying should be allowed, tolerated, or encouraged, no matter whose fault it is, or whether anyone thinksShow MoreRelatedZero Tolerance on Bullying: Article Analysis707 Words   |  3 Pagesarticle Zero Tolerance on Bullying: Letters in the Citizen Glouchester (2012) contains varying opinions about an apparently previously published article on bullying. A brief summary of the previous article indicates that children have been expelled from schools in the city for bullying based on racism. Specifically, the article indicates that fourteen such children have been at least suspended since 2008 for this reason. One of the comments note that, on occasion, what is known as bullying is no moreRead MoreZero Tolerance Policies in American Schools Essay874 Words   |  4 PagesIn all grades of education, from kindergarten to college, there is a form of discipline known as a zero tolerance policy. While the exact wording is different from school to school, basicall y a zero tolerance policy means that a student is immediately suspended, asked to attend an alternative school, or expelled if they are suspected or caught doing certain things. These policies are in place to hopefully deter students from doing drugs or being violent, but the ethics behind them are questionableRead MoreThe Case Against Bullying in Schools Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesColumbine school shooting. One of the two shooters, Eric Harris stated in his suicide note, â€Å"Your children, who have ridiculed me, who have chosen not to accept me, who have treated me like I am not worth their time, are dead.† Experts report that bullying is a serious and widespread problem which can lead to school shootings and suicide. Not only that, but it is dangerously underrated as schools and adults are not taking the problem serious enough. Day after day throughout the country, kidsRead MoreHurt, Pain, Physical And Mental Distraught Are Just A Few1597 Words   |  7 PagesCyberbullying is using technology to harass, threaten, embarrass, another person. Cyberbullying allows a person to maintain anonymity and give them the ability to post messages to a wide audience. â€Å"Cyberbullying is speech that is â€Å"defamatory, constitutes bullying, harassment, or discrimination, discloses personal information, or contains offensive, vulgar or derogatory comments† (Willard, 2003: 66). Cyberbullying can be, a text, tweet, or response to a update on Facebook that is harsh or cruel. It can beRead MoreZero Tolerance In Schools1295 Words   |  6 Pagesand teasing – bullying. One way to reduce bullying would be zero tolerance. This is a policy of not allowing any violations of a rule or law, which will lead to suspension or expulsion. For this reason, reports of bullying toward the 2 boys who caused the terrible school shooting at Columbine High School, in 1999. Many psychologists, school officials and government at local and state level have tried different approaches to resolve the issue of bullying. Students who endure bullying on a daily basisRead MorePublic Schools Have Improved Their Safety Protocols1299 Words   |  6 Pageseach year. Because of the Columbine massacre, we have learned many things and are still learning to become better each year nationwide. Public schools have improved their safety protocols vigorously by heightening security, creating Zero-Tolerance Policies and Bullying and Violence Prevention Programs. Schools have also allowed cell phones on campus and there is more Mental Health Counseling. The Columbine school massacre has made a huge cultural significance to us and is still important to us todayRead MoreThe Literature On School Climate And Bullying778 Words   |  4 Pagesreview of the literature on school climate and bullying provides a grim picture of day-to-day life as a child in school. But there is hop e. There are as many programs and tools to combat bullying on campus as there are negative narratives and statistics that reveal its dark impact. There are many kinds of responses that schools can have in regards to creating safe spaces. Some of them are considered â€Å"hard† responses. These are things like zero tolerance polices, more security staff on campus, andRead MoreSocial Policies And New Government Funding Necessary1162 Words   |  5 Pagesthat come into play when it comes to suicidal behavior in adolescents. The main one that I will discuss in this paper is the environmental factors such as bullying or cyberbullying. Moreover, mental health disorder such as depressions and anxiety. bullying can be divided into two categories: traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Traditional bullying refers to verbal, social and physical. Cyberbullying occurs when an individual uses electronic to harass, embarrass and threaten someone else. AccordingRead MoreSchool s Responsibility On The Prevention Of School Violence1068 Words   |  5 PagesSchool’s responsibility in the prevention of school violence: Why the schools are responsible for the safety of children Every parent wants their children to go to school to learn and feel safe. With bullying, fighting and sexual offenses in schools across this country, teachers and faculty should do everything in their power to ensure the safety of all students. However, in order to combat the violence, teachers must first understand the problem and come up with strategies to address the issuesRead MoreImproving A Healthy Workplace At The Western Pacific1225 Words   |  5 Pagesissues in the organization. Mobilizing these issues can guide the organization to become a healthy workplace for employees and employers. It is suggested that government organizations and local bodies usually hold the â€Å"highest rates of workplace bullying† (Redmond, 2016). Jim regularly pressurizing his employees by commanding them to accept additional workloads, impossible deadlines, shouting, and also threatening comments when Jim’s demands are not met. With these issues, it is crucial to encourage

Pro Globalist vs Anti Globalist - 1341 Words

Pro Globalist vs. Anti Globalist An Essay Globalization in a broader sense means Integration. This integration happens through the flow of resources in the form of information, ideas, technology, goods, services, capital, finance amp; people. Like everything else that flows, the flow of resources happens from high potential (country) to low potential (country). Globalization is therefore a natural phenomenon and is bound to happen unless stopped by an external force. In principle all flows are good since they help in achieving equilibrium; but they must be checked and constrained to avoid them being destructive. It is therefore not correct to call Globalization good or evil. Globalization will essentially be good, but may require some†¦show more content†¦Capital flows can take either the form of foreign direct investment or portfolio investment. For developing countries the preferred alternative is foreign direct investment. Portfolio investment does not directly lead to expansion of productive capacity. Portfol io investment can be volatile particularly in times of loss of confidence. That is why countries want to put restrictions on portfolio investment. Country needs to place such checks in place and the World trade blocks should respect that decision, as it checks for the adverse effect of Globalization. When an economy becomes more open to capital and financial flows, there is even greater compulsion to ensure that factors relating to macro-economic stability are not ignored. On the impact of globalization, there are two major concerns. These may be described as even fears. The first major concern is that globalization leads to a more iniquitous distribution of income among countries and within countries. The second fear is that globalization leads to loss of national sovereignty and that countries are finding it increasingly difficult to follow independent domestic policies. The argument that globalization leads to inequality is based on the premise that since globalization emphasizes efficiency, gains will accrue to countries which are favorably endowed with natural and human resources. The technological base of these

Principles of Banking and Finance Free Essays

Principles of Banking and Finance: Single Cashflow 1. Present Value (PV) * the value on a given date of a payment or series of payments made at other times (past or future) * Discounting from the future * Value at t=0 on a given time line (â€Å"t† is the period, ranging from 0 to n where â€Å"n† being the last period). * Net Present Value (NPV): PV after deducting all the costs 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Banking and Finance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Future Value (FV) * The amount to which a specific sum and /or series of payments will grow on a given date in the future * Compounding (interests upon interests) Value at t0 on a given time line Single Cashflow: Formulas FV = PV(1 + i)t PV = FV / (1+i)t i = (FV / PV)1/t – 1 Effective Interest Rate * Effective (Annual) Interest Rate (EIR) * The interest rate expressed as if it were compounded once a year. * Used to compare two alternative investments with different compounding periods * Does not include any fees incurred as part of the loan package * Nominal or Quoted Annual Interest Rate (NIR) * (periodic rate) x (number of periods per year) The rate normally quoted in the loan agreement * All-in Rate * NIR that includes all the fees incurred as part of the loan package Formulas: Uneven Cashflow Even Cashflow * Annuity – series of equal payments (â€Å"PMT†) that occur at regular intervals for a period of time (â€Å"t†). * Payment is normally made at th e end of the period. For payment occurs at the beginning of the period, it is Annuity Due. Perpetuity – infinite series of equal payments Formula: Annuities Formula: Perpetuities When n ? , PV (Perpetuity) = PMT/i How to cite Principles of Banking and Finance, Papers

Research and Policy for Planned Events †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Research and Policy for Planned Events. Answer: Introduction: Chipotle organisation comes under the quick services restaurant industry. The company operate in this new emerging industry. The main feature of these companies under this industry is possibility of saving expense and reduces cost in operations. In addition, the speedy services and customer expectations serves well for these companies (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). The quick pickup services for food has become popular that the implementation process of this has become viable to serve customers. The menus are prepared on centralised suppliers (Getz and Page 2016). The most efficient part is placing orders and payment system of the companies, which can be done smoothly without interaction. There is also efficiency of having no outlet and saving ambience expense (Chipotle.com, 2017). The key attractive features of QSRs are to maintain growth. The marketing and brand recognition of the Chipotle and locations are the key success factor of the industry. As a twenty first century company, the consumers have adapted according their own convenience. Therefore, the attractiveness increases with the acceptance of the services (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). Threat of competitors As an exclusive quick service restaurant Chipotle in USA has many threats of competitors. Fast food restaurant chains and fast casual restaurant chains are also competition with the restaurant chain (Getz and Page 2016). Though it has dominated the full service restaurants, the bakeries, fast casual segments are a success in the market. The most challenging competitor of Chipotle is Qdoba and Pei Wei, though belonging to other segment of restaurant. The other most important competitor is Panera Bread (Getz and Page 2016). Threat of new entrants - Chipotle has a record of steady growth and is committed to the industry. The main criteria are the customer satisfaction to eliminate any risk of new entrants. However, this Mexican grill is well established and has variety of menus; they have shortage of competitors in the region (Ho et al. 2014). Threat of substitutes quick service restaurants comes under a different type of industry. Although any kind of fast food chain is known as a prospective competitors of the industry, the key features of this industry makes it unique in giving the service in a different efficient way. Threat of suppliers - as being networked in the best suppliers in USA Chipotle gain this as an advantage (Ho et al. 2014). Having restaurants in 1100 location and variety of menu and a central storage system in their company. Threat of buyers This rate of risk is average for Chipotle. The main criteria, that gives them the competitive advantage is the service delivery method and their unique flavours in chicken according the survey result. Though other large international food chain competitors like Mc Donalds, El Pollo, Taco Bell, KFC and others are the alternatives comes as a threat for Chipotle (Chipotle.com. 2017). Core competencies Chipotle has the organisational capabilities and other competitive advantage and carefully trained people in the company (Chipotle.com, 2017). The promotional activities, empowered teams, strong personalities and freshly prepared food are the strong elements of the company. Over the top services and regarded as front line operative organisation. Suppliers are dominated by them as being a singular organic produce buyers in the country The order processing and delivery services at the point of sale are essentially contributed to the capabilities and of the company. Strategy of differentiated product positioning and higher consumer willingness to pay is known to contribute to the sustainability factor of the company (Rothaermel 2015) As belonging to a vast food sector and large target consumers can lead to more value in performance of the company. Operational efficiencies are also a strong capability of the company. The most favoured dish of the company is chicken preparations, according to the survey by QSR Magazine. This also leverages them about the survey of the company (Shabanova et al. 2015). High quality and socially responsible products as well as the green technologies takes care of their CSR activities and is an addition to the positive brand recognition. The political component of environmental analysis is very important for the company. United States Restaurant change plays a essential role in growth of restaurants. The Zoning Laws, insurance, credit policies and governments permits also affects the business across the region. Thus, the different locations become convenience factor for the company (Shabanova et al. 2015). The global economy affects the restaurants business and trends in food prices too. All over reduction in food prices has also affected the industry. However, with the CAGR of 8.8% since 1990, the demand of food as well as the fast food has grown exponentially over the years (Hill et al., 2014). Negotiation with the wholesalers has allowed Chipotle to hold competitive prices in the industry. Social-cultural factors The high-level service, quality deliverance and redefined experience of food must be considered as the dedication to the society of the restaurant. Using health benefits and local products and flavours that are preferred in the culture are the main criteria to being socially responsible. Chipotle gives a good responsibility for the company (Hollensen 2015). Chipotle has invested for technological advancements in the company. It also serves the operational proficiency in automated payment system, ordering apps and tortilla grills to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the operation of the organisation. The grills add to the 100% efficiency in the operation. The company also invested about $10 million to redesign the strategies and mobile app improvements (Chipotle.com, 2017). SWOT analysis Strength Different and innovative advertisements (Krishna 2014) Green initiatives by the company and organic or natural food products Not having a franchise corporation Strong and brand image and better loyalty from customers 1100 outlets all total and well networked Weakness High cost of materials like ingredients used and meat High priced in comparison to competitors menu Media of advertisement is limited Location only based on USA Opportunities Variety of menu should be introduced Can expand in international market Can explore to online media advertisements opportunities Can expand more on green food initiatives Threats A market where there is perfect competition can be developed Change in demand for food Change in customers taste and preference (Hollensen 2015) Core competencies Chipotle possess that they can continue to leverage. As USA is most popular quick service, restaurant Chipotle already poses all the strategic competitive ability that can ensure their success further in the future. For improving all the aspects of business, high quality products and well services are at their disposal to use (Hill et al., 2014). In addition, the strategic advantage also lies in sourcing natural meat produces and other fresh foods from all over USA. The company has also 1100 people to source from and have 2750 salaried employees to resource from (Rothaermel 2015). Chipotle represents a fast casual segment of quick service segments. They also sources different ingredients from convenient sources. Chipotle black beans are certified organic foods and serve for daily purposes usage. As serving a majority of individuals aged from 18 to 24 years old, Chipotle has customised their flexibility in serving (Kwansa and Parsa 2014). Also years of services have equipped them with good experience and enhanced their brand image in US A. The Mexican grill has net revenue of $3,214,591 with profit margin of 9.43 percent. The menu variety of Chipotles can be developed and more flexibility can give them advantage that is more competitive in the market. As equipped with naturally raised meat sources they can explore more in organic food variety of the company. Adding more signature products and for enhancements of taste and lowering the prices can help them expand the market more. Smoothening the service for more effectiveness can lead to competitive advantage too. Customising the product according the need of the customers can improve the services (Kozlenkova 2014). Increasing the marketing budget of the company may lead to expansion in the advertisements of the company and media marketing presence may lead to better exposure in the market (Kwansa and Parsa 2014). A larger audience of the company may be targeted with new media of advertisements. International expansion of Chipotle may help the company to grow as well as maximising the revenue. There is also a possibility of breaking into new markets and countries for possibilities in enhancements in brand recognition (Tripathi and Dave 2017). Alternative ways of implementing the strategies is to offer healthier items as they have already started to explore the organic food market. References Chipotle.com. 2017.Chipotle Mexican Grill. [online] Available at: https://www.chipotle.com/ [Accessed 27 Oct. 2017]. Getz, D. and Page, S.J., 2016.Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Routledge. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Ho, J.K.K., 2014. Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis.European academic research,2(5), pp.6478-6492. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kozlenkova, I.V., Samaha, S.A. and Palmatier, R.W., 2014. Resource-based theory in marketing.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,42(1), pp.1-21. Krishna, K., 2014. Analysing Competition in the Quick Service Restaurant Industry.Browser Download This Paper. Kwansa, F.A. and Parsa, H.G., 2014.Quick service restaurants, franchising, and multi-unit chain management. Routledge. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Shabanova, L.B., Ismagilova, G.N., Salimov, L.N. and Akhmadeev, M.G., 2015. PEST-Analysis and SWOT-Analysis as the most important tools to strengthen the competitive advantages of commercial enterprises.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(3), p.705. Tripathi, G. and Dave, K., 2017. Exploration of service quality factors in the restaurant industry: a study of selected restaurants in the New Delhi region.Hospitality Marketing and Consumer Behavior: Creating Memorable Experiences. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger , J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson.

Substitute Goods Essay Example For Students

Substitute Goods Essay In economics, one kind of good (or service) is said to be a substitute good for another kind insofar as the two kinds of goods can be consumed or used in place of one another in at least some of their possible uses. Classic examples of substitute goods include margarine and butter, or petroleum and natural gas (used for heating or electricity). The fact that one good is substitutable for another has immediate economic consequences: insofar as one good can be substituted for another, the demand for the two kinds of good will be bound together by the fact that customers can trade off one good for the other if it becomes advantageous to do so. We will write a custom essay on Substitute Goods specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Thus, an increase in price for one kind of good (ceteris paribus) will result in an increase in demand for its substitute goods, and a decrease in price (ceteris paribus, again) will result in a decrease in demand for its substitutes. Thus, economists can predict that a spike in the cost of wood will likely mean increased business for bricklayers, or that falling cellular phone rates will mean a fall-off in business for public pay phones. It is important to note that when speaking about substitute goods we are speaking about two different kinds of goods; so the substitutability of one good for another is always a matter of degree. One good is a perfect substitute for another only if it can be used in exactly the same way, at exactly the same cost, and with exactly the same quality of outcome; that is, when there is no particular incentive for a customer to prefer one over the other. Needless to say, there are relatively few perfect substitutes except between two goods of the same kind. Much more common is for goods to be imperfect substitutes for one another. Compact discs and cassettes, for example, can both be used for the same purpose (as media for recording and replaying sound), but there are significant differences between the two in terms of durability, sound quality, and the cost of the recording media and the equipment used to record on it. As a result the two can be substituted for one another, but there are significant trade-offs involved in deciding to substitute one for the other: if you buy a tape instead of a CD, you may pay less, but you will get lower sound quality and a less durable good; if you buy a CD instead of a tape, you may get better sound quality but you will pay more and you may not be able to listen to the CD in your car. Nevertheless, CDs and cassettes are substitute goods (though only imperfectly): and so if changes in the market tend to erode the advantages f choosing cassettes over CDs (such as a decrease in CD prices or increased availability of car CD players) it will tend to increase the demand for CDs and decrease the demand for cassettes. The opposite of a substitute good is a complement good. In other words, good substitution is an economic concept where two goods are of comparable value. Car brands are an example. While someone could argue that Ford trucks are much different from Toyota tr ucks, If the price of Ford trucks goes up enough, some people will buy Toyota trucks instead.

Output devices and techniques Essay Example

Output devices and techniques Essay Example Output devices and techniques Paper Output devices and techniques Paper For this assignment we have to produce a report on the types of hardware and software requirements, and their purposes, for an IT system. In the context of this essay I have decided that bullet point form along with brief descriptions and graphics is the best way to present this assignment. 6 STAGE MODEL Shown above is the six-stage model, showing the processes undertaken by a computer system. Below is what each of my pictures represents: Mouse: Input Device   The Tower: Central Processing Unit Monitor: Output Device   Floppy Disk: Backing Store. Head: Main Memory   Telephone: Communications Devices e. g. Internet Input Devices and Techniques Input devices are the means whereby computers can accept data or instructions (Heathcott P M, 2000, p 159)   Keyboard: The keyboard is the most commonly used of all input devices. It can be used for a various number of tasks, form entering programs, to typing documents using a word processor, or entering a persons personal details etc.   Mouse: The mouse and its variants such as the trackball is well known with all PC users. Scanner: A scanner can be used to scan graphical images and photographs, and software can then be used to edit or touch up the images. Scanners can also be used to read typed or hand-writtten documents and this can then be interpreted by using OCR software, which can then export it to a word processor or data file. Scanners can also be used to input large volumes of data on pre-printed forms such as credit card payments, where the customers account number and amount paid are printed at the bottom of the payment slip. Web Cam: This transfers images onto the screen. In can be used via the internet for video conferencing or you can even pre-record messages and send them via E-mail. Bar Code Reader: Bar codes appear on almost everything we buy, whether it is a new CD or a tin of bins. The pattern of thick thin lines represents the 13 digit number underneath the bar code. There are four main pieces of information on a bar code. The first few two or three digits represent in which country the product was registered. The next five digits represent the manufacturers code. The second group of five numbers represents the product and package size. The last digit is a check digit, which is calculated from the other digits in the code and ensures that the barcode is keyed in or read correctly. A very similar process to that used in the ASCII code where the spare digit is used as the parity. A Product Bar Code Light Pen: A light pen is a device which incorporates a light sensor so that when it is held close to a screen over a character or part of a graphic, the object is detected and can be moved to create or modify graphics.   Microphone: An input devise for sound recording. OMR (Optical Mark Recognition): An Optical Mark Reader can detect marks made in present positions on a form. The most common example of this is the lottery. It is also widely used for marking, multiple choice exams and market research questionnaires.   OCR (Optical Character Recognition): Light is emitted, bounced back and then received. This is how the OCR reads its characters. The light emitted is in different resolutions depending on the character. OCR is used widely in services such as gas and electricity etc.   MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition): All banks use MICR for processing cheques. Along the bottom of a cheque the banks sort code, customer account number and cheque number are encoded in special characters in magnetic ink. The amount of the cheque is encoded in magnetic ink when it is handed in at the bank. The cheques can then be processed by MICR devices that read, sort and store the data on disk. MICR has several advantages for processing cheques: 1. It is hard to forge the characters 2. The characters can be read even if the cheque is crumpled, dirty or smudged 3. The characters are readable by humans, unlike bar codes The disadvantage of MICR though is the expense. This is why you dont find many other examples of it being used.   Swipe Cards: Swipe cards are operated by using a magnetic strip. They are used in credit cards, debit cards, railway tickets, phone cards and many others. The magnetic strip can be encoded with upto 220 characters of data and other 83% of adults in Britain own at least one card. Unfortunately because there are only 220 characters of data this makes the cards very easy to copy, which is why the strips will eventually, disappear and be replaced by a chip, which is almost impossible to fake. Something slightly similar to the smart card. Smart Cards: Smart cards are of a similar appearance to that of the swipe cards, but instead of using the magnetic strip they contain a small 1-millimeter square microprocessor which is stored in the centre of the card. This is then protected by a small gold electrical contact the card can still read information through this. Unlike the swipe card the smart cards can hold millions of characters of data. In the future banks hope to replace all the swipe cards with a Super card which will also be able to be used to pay for smaller goods such as milk and newspapers without the need to carry cash. This card will almost be unbreakable. In Belgium they already have a similar system working to this it is called the Proton Card, which incorporates the use of both magnetic strip and a microprocessor chip for bank withdrawals and payments of small goods. The Smart Card   Touch Sensitive Screens: A touch sensitive screen allows the user to touch an area of the screen rather than having to type the data on a keyboard. They are widely used in tourist centres, where tourists can look up various local facilities and entertainments, in fast food stores such as McDonalds for entering customer orders, in manufacturing, and also bars. Digitisers: A digitiser can draw quality illustrations. It has a flat rectangular slab onto which a stylus (anything that terminates in a point) is placed. Output Devices and Techniques The ultimate aim of the computer is to produce useful information, the information that is produced by the computer is in binary digits, we therefore need devices to translate these into a form we can use (Corbitt T, 1990, p 11)   VDU: (Visual Display Unit) The VDU is similar in appearance to the television receiver, an alternative name is the monitor. VDUs have better resolution than TVs and therefore are better for graphical work. It has its own fixed amount of RAM (Random Access Memory) associated with it to store the image being displayed on the screen. So the more RAM it has the better the resolution displayed on the screen. The number of pixels used to represent a full: If 1 bit represents each pixel then two colours can be displayed, so to display 256 colours you would need 8 bits (1byte) It is usually possible to adjust both the resolution and the number colours if you select a high resolution you wont be able to have as many colours because of the memory available on the VDU. Printers The results of processing are usually required in printed form. Printers come in all shapes and sizes, there are two main categories of printers:   Impact Printers which transfer the image on to the paper by applying pressure against a ribbon onto the paper, this transfers ink form the ribbon to the paper forming the image   Non-impact Printers which produce the image on the paper without any contact. Impact Printers   Dot-matrix: The characters on this are formed by dots. The print head contains a number of needles, the more there are of these the better the quality of print. A head with nine needles would take seven horizontal movements to print a character, this printer would be said to have a seven-by-nine-character matrix. In the latest type near letter quality is produced by double printing. The line of type is printed, the head moves back to the beginning of the line, moves down fractionally and then prints the line a second time. This doubles the time taken to print a document. To overcome this more expensive models use twice the number of needles and near letter quality can be achieved with one pass of the head. The dot-matrix can also print out graphics and pictures of a basic quality. Dot-matrix printers, which can print in colour, are available, these use a ribbon which contains red, green and blue. Coloured output is obtained by repeated printing, repositioning of the paper, print head and ribbon. The dot-matrix can print between 30 and 200 characters per second (cps).   Daisy-wheel printers: The print head consists of flexible arms extending from a centre hub, the characters are at the tips of the arms. When printing the hub revolves bringing the required character next to the ribbon. Some daisy-wheel printers are bi-directional and the print head can turn in either direction so that quickest possible print time is achieved. The print can be changed so that different font styles can be used. Daisy wheel printers are unable to print graphics unlike the dot-matrix. It is capable of speed ranges 12 to 55 cps. Non-impact printers   Thermal printers: These use specially treated paper, which is affected by heat generated by the print head as it passes across the paper. The main advantages are that they are silent and fast, printing 30-120 cps. Disadvantages are that the paper is expensive and that the printed image degrades in time.   Ink-jet printer: With this type of printer the characters are formed on the paper by spraying it with a stream of ink dots. They are fast, printing 150-270 cps and almost soundless, the quality of print is very good. A Canon Bubble Jet Printer BJC7000   Plotters: Plotters are used to produce drawings, diagrams and other types of graphical output. There are two varieties in use, the flatbed plotter which is used where accuracy is important and the drum plotter which is used for business applications. The flatbed type is fixed while the pen moves over the top of the device while the axis moves up and down, whilst the drum variety uses continuous stationery. In both types the pens, under the program control, are moved to the down position, the movement of the pens is then controlled to draw the image. There are from one to six pens, which can be used to output different colours. There is also the less commonly known graph plotter. This is most commonly seen in use for lie detector tests.   COM: (Computer Output on Microfilm) The problem of storing information on paper can be considerable in a large business. One way to solve this is to have output from the computer photographed as microscopic images directly onto microfilm. Two methods of storage are used, one put the information onto a roll of 16mm film while the other uses microfiche. Microfiche can store upto 100 pages of A4 on a single piece, to see it you must have a microfiche reader. The most recent examples of this being used is in libraries and in garages for checking car parts. Data can be stored onto microfilm directly from the computer or off line using magnetic tape as an intermediary store. Voice output: The output of the computer can be given in spoken form by using voice synthesisers to transform words stored in the computer into human speech, this is great for disabled people who cannot speak as it allows them to communicate. The user can hear through a loudspeaker. Secondary device techniques A permanent, non-volatile form of storage is required by all computer systems to save software and data files. Magnetic tape, magnetic disks, CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory), and microfilm are all examples of what is known as secondary storage.

A Survey of Advances in Biometric Security Research Paper

A Survey of Advances in Biometric Security - Research Paper Example The research paper primarily emphasizes upon the analysis of the advancement that has been seen in the field of biometrics over the years, which has widened its implementation and popularity in the recent time. It has been learnt that biometric solutions have become quite popular amid various sectors of the society with regard to its importance as a security control measures. The technology works for analyzing and evaluating the identification of any individual through examining their physical and biological elements. It is believed that the technology assure utmost accuracy while executing the process of data accumulation and data analysis further ensuring the proper identification of any individuals. This aspect further aids in assuring protection of any secured areas or confidential networks. There are several forms of biometric security solutions, such DNA identification, fingerprint analysis, face recognition and etc. However, it is believed that there are certain errors that ca n take place in the process of executing security measures through the use of biometric solutions. This particular aspect, impact the social acceptance of the system. It is known that use of biometric solutions has its origination since the early civilization where many of the approaches currently used by biometric solutions were used for various purposes. It can be concluded that biometric security solutions has developed rapidly over the years and recently has gained widespread acceptance as one of the most reliable security measures.

New Media Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New Media - Term Paper Example To those who are not able to compete with the latest and best gadgets, what is generally considered is the ability to have access to new media. This has become a necessity to the modern person who seems to be unable to live in a world which has become so small with the use of the internet. On top of such media, other media within the medium like social networking sites become equally important especially to people who like to get in touch with their loved ones here or abroad. The latest social networking site that made the youngest billionaire in the person of Mark Zuckerberg, a former Harvard student is making the life of a lot of people easier and cheaper. Loved ones who are miles apart can contact each other through the internet and can exchange messages in a matter of seconds. This is not to mention the availability of the medium of communication to be the cheapest as compared to telephone bills. The world has become smaller with people able to find their partners from one end of the earth to another through the use of the popular networking site.

History of architecture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of architecture - Research Paper Example Renaissance design involved utilization of hemispherical domes, aedicules, niches, and semicircular arches (Frommel 148). Villa Capra Rotonda is located in an isolated area outside Vicenza, a city in the northern region of Italy. Villa Capra Rotonda is built on a hilltop outside Vicenza. The building forms a square on top of the hill providing a clear view of the environment. Villa Rotonda is distinguished by the presence of four facades. Most of the ancient designs comprised a single facade. However, Palladio was able to include all the four facades in the design of Villa Rotonda, making it unique. Villa Capra Rotonda represents a more secular thinking in the Renaissance by bringing its patron closer to God (Palladio et al. 68). The building location indicates how the residents wanted to be closer to God. In addition, the Villa is highly lighted giving an indication of the purity and the close relationship the owner had with God. The dome created at the centre of the Villa is another indication of the relationship between the building and godliness. The building creates a connection to God since it was intended for retired priests from Rome. The design of Villa Capra Rotonda resembles that of most of the churches across Italy and Greek especially the inclusion of the semi-hemispherical domes at the building centre, hence a representation of heaven (Frommel., 2007, p. 48). Villa Capra Rotonda is located on a hilltop outside Vicenza in Italy. Most of the ancient churches were located away from the urban areas creating a God atmosphere for worshiping. Villa Rotonda is located in the countryside of Vicenza city which would give the pope an excellent atmosphere to pray and relate with God. The isolated location of the Villa is another reflection of its relationship with God. This is because; churches were not located in crowded places and the patron of Villa Rotonda decided to construct a resident who

Cinemas Impact On Society

Cinemas Impact On Society In the subcontinent there are numerous traditions and practices that are based on ignorance and which have captivated the progress of the societies. Of such negative influenced ignorance, unsociability, dowry systems, rigidity of caste system and purdah system have done remarkable harm to the society. These influences are present in our society and are practiced without the repercussion of the aftermath that they bring with them, the society keeps following them like nobility preached through ancestral traditions. Cinema films have, had and will continue to torch light to eradicate the stubborn stains in the sub continental society. Cinema has been used to promote eradication of trafficking, illiteracy, slavery, promote national integration, family planning, and inter caste/religion marriages. Cinema can be used as a tool to contribute to guide the society to proceed along the righteous path. It has been and will be used as a mean to remove ignorance from the sub continental society. http://essaysandarticles.com/science/the-cinema%E2%80%94-its-impact-on-society There are dynamic views and realization of cinema to different people associated to this form of media, for instance for the Producers it is a mean of a lucrative business, for directors and backroom staff, it is a form of canvas for them there they can perform their art work to the masses for personal desire and satisfaction, for on screen performers, such as actors and actresses, its is a mean of earning money and face value, while for the masses it is a mean of cheap and interesting form of entertainment and pastime for their viewing and listening pleasure. This is one of the key reasons why cinema has been a flourishing industry for ages and hold of a major market share of the entertainment industry. http://www.preservearticles.com/201106127879/essay-on-the-effect-of-cinema-on-our-society.html Indian Cinema: Since its beginning with the film Raja Harish Chandra (1913), the cinema has remained the most powerful media for mass communication in India. Cinema has the ability to combine entertainment with communication of ideas. It has the potential appeal for its audience. It certainly leaves other media far behind in making such an appeal. As in literature, cinema has produced much which touches the innermost layers of the man. It mirrors the episodes in such a manner that leaves an impact on the coming generations. Cinema presents an image of the society in which it is born and the hopes, aspirations, frustration and contradictions present in any given social order. In the present era, cinema is getting replaced by small screen productions. Televised serials and programmes are replacing craze. They advertise and earn revenue for industry. Thus films telecast has become a source of further income for the industry and trade. Man has instincts, different thoughts flow which leave an effect on the minds. The person laughs with the films and tears with them. Scenes of Shaheed Bhagat Singh, a film by Raj Kumar Santoshi and Manoj Goswami makes people national-minded and sentimentally involved in the film show. The fim dialogues are occupying places in our real life. Dialogues of Mugle Azam found place in the normal interaction of people for a long time. People talked and walked like Prithvi Raj, the great king Akbar. In the same way, plays by Agha Hashat and Devdas by Sharat Chandra left a deep impact on the masses. In the same way, film Sholey created an imending effect on so many. http://www.preservearticles.com/201106127879/essay-on-the-effect-of-cinema-on-our-society.html Example of Bengali Cinema and how it portrays: Bengali cinema is closely linked to Modernity and Realism. The most renowned and famous film makers of the Bengali cinema along with the modernist thoughts chose the genre of realism to reach to a new height. Ritwik Ghatak and Satyajit Ray are some of the greatest examples, who have played with the theme of realism and modernity in their films. Modernity is a vast topic and can be defined into many ways. But we will mainly focus on the artistic, social and political modernization. Satyajit Rays film Pather Pancheli is one of the ultimate examples of films portraying realism along with several elements of modernity. It was an inspiration to Vittorio De Siccas Bicycle Thief, 1948 which was based on Italian neo-realism. Rays work was a stroke of genius. It reflected the social progress and change in Bengal and also had modernized ideas and concepts. In his film Pather Panchali, Ray has focused on leaving the old ideas behind, moving on and working on new concepts. He put emphasis on the fact that, with the passage of time the conventional ways of living, family ideas and traditional lifestyle have become outdated and needs to be altered accordingly. During the climax, Apu and his family, leaves their home and later departs from the village. Their ancestors home was the sole reason why they were not leaving that village. They shifted to another place for a better living and life style. By relocating, they were able to sell off the old house which was of no use to them, instead was the reason for their daughters life. This film is an evolution from traditional times to modern way of living. Ray used many metaphors throughout his film which were related to a need for change and modernity. I think old aunt was a perfect example of metaphorical usage. She was exhausted, old woman who had nothing to do than just wandering around the house. She is frequently told by everyone to leave which indicates that she is unwanted and worthless in the house. The family feared famine, survival and poverty. They were unhappy about the traditional way of living and traditions. The same way, they were annoyed by the presence of old aunt. Later, we founds out that the old aunt rambles, after several unsuccessful attempts of searching for a shelter place, she dies. Death of old ideas is the metaphorical meaning of old aunts death. Ray wishes for a change, something which is never ending. Through his illustrations, he focused on a need for change so that we can break away from the traditions which are holding us back an d is a form of barrier to our progress. By means of aunt death, he is able to show how traditions have become out-of-date. Rays another great work Charulata (1964), also focuses on bringing a change. The story sets in an upper middle class Bengali society. In this context, a lonesome housewife falls in love with her brother-in-law while they both were boosting each other to write. He applied two different thoughts of traditionalism and modernity, home and desire and literature and politics together. Rays films have a humanistic approach. The depth of his works is far reaching. It has captured the human heart and extracted the emotions from it. Apu throwing the necklace stolen by Durga, Amal leaving home for the fear of being unfaithful, Durga stealing food from her aunt are examples of Rays humanistic work. Ray is also inspired by Neo-realism. From my point of view, it is because his stories are largely concentrating on the society. He cannot make them fictional because then it would irrelevant to the society. His stories are not meant to be films, in fact a reality which was an image of the society in which he has lived in. It was a complete imitation of Bengali society. The characters were portrayal of real personalities. For example, Durga is Hindu mythological character. When you look at her, you will not judge her as a good or evil character but will think of her as a woman who had existed in the past and had different attributes which mirrored her personality. She wasnt a fictional character. Correspondingly, Ritwik Ghataks films introduced the modernistic themes of isolation, alienation and need for home that evolves around the Bengali society. In his socially applicable film Ajantrik, Ghatak brought together the concept of isolation and alienation to the society. He demonstrates a mans love for his car; car is a lifeless object. That man had a disturbed social life where he was not able to bond tighter with people around him. There are scenes like when Bimal is having a conversation with his car. He takes care of his car like he is a living companion. At the same time, didnt give importance to what the society says. This shows the importance of the car, Jagaddal. Ghatak treat the car as a living character and not as a prop. He also showed the cars point of view. He wants to prove his point that with the introduction of modernization; nowadays people are more materialistic orientated. They value property more than relations. Likewise in Subarnarekha (1965), Ghatak has focused more on the theme of home (alongside the sub-themes such as relations and happiness.His work is also about modernity, change and its effects and how partition affected Ghatak and the society. Subarnarekha is a after partition story of a family relocating to the bank of Subarnarekha River. Throughout the story, Sita search for happiness. He talks about the new home feeling and that she confesses her secrets, happiness and woes to a river. What I learned from Ghataks films is he considers that society has transformed from being a community to a combined living of different characters. Individualism is present all over his work. People have how people have gone from being lovers of nature and man-made beauty (like lakes and montains) to cars and property. One may say that in the films of both, Satyajit Ray and Ritwik Ghatak, you can find many modernist essentials. Their work ranges from content to themes like anthropomorphism, home and modernity; also their craft which is the use of POV shots, Brechtian elements, different style of cinematography and manipulating space. Conclusion It is always good and well groomed to see good subjects on cinema. They have a very positive and long-lasting effect on the minds whereas cheap and shabby movies affect the tender minds of audience very badly. There is general feeling that present day crimes are all due to effects of cinema. Besides open and demonstrative subjects throw tarnished messages. They spoil our culture, and society. Cinema and TV badly affect the health of the youngsters. They neglect studies and physical games to spend more time on this entertainment. School-going children and society children fail to make use of good impacts and are influenced by the bad part of the programmes on the air. The motive is not to discard cinema or TV telecast so easily. The desirable act will be to selective and choosy for programmes. Good movies should be seen by the students. The movies of TV shows should be very much restricted and for a fix time. The cinema exercises a great influence on the mind of the people. It has a great educative value. It can achieve splendid results in the field of expansion of education. There are certain subjects, such as science and geography, which can be more effec ­tively taught with the help of talkies. Lessons on road sense, rules of hygiene and civic sense can be taught to the students and the public as well in a very effective manner with the help of cinema pictures. Many successful experiments have been made in various countries on the utility of films as a means of education. Feature films have been produced for school and college students and students are being benefitted by them. Cinema films have the power to influence the thinking of the people. They have changed the society and social trends. They have introduced new fashions in society. They may be described as pace-setters. They can create a direct impact on our social life. Films can go a long way towards arousing national consciousness and also in utilising the energies of the youth in social reconstruc ­tion and nation-building by a skilful adaption of good moral, social and educative themes, and by introduction of popular sentiments, films can, to a great extent, formulate and guide public opinion

Sigmund Freud’s Interpretation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus Essay exa

Sigmund Freud’s Interpretation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus Throughout the years, there have been many interpretations of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus. However, one of the most interesting interpretations of the play would have to be one that uses the theories of Sigmund Freud to analyze the actions of the characters. The use of various aspects of Freudian theory such as the id, ego, superego, and the Oedipus Complex reveals Oedipus and his behaviors throughout the course of the play. In order to completely understand Oedipus and his actions, we must first understand the basics of Freud’s theories. One of the most well known aspects of Freudian theory is the Oedipus Complex. We can already see a relationship between the Oedipus Complex and the play just by looking at the name of this particular theory. The Oedipus Complex is a characteristic of young boys in which they experience a strong attachment toward their mother and feelings of hatred and jealousy toward their father. "The ‘little man’ would like to have the mother all to himself. The father’s presence is disturbing [to the boy]. When the [father] shows tenderness toward the little boy’s mother, the little boy is irritated, and he expresses satisfaction when the father is away or on a journey" (Mullahay 25). The young child would like to have his mother’s attention at all times, and he would also like to have his father out of the picture. The Oedipus Complex theory also states that the boy may not only want his father out of the picture, but he may also want to be in his father’s place when it comes to having sexual relations with the mother. According to Freud, many boys have this strong desire to be sexually intimate with their mother. Another of Freud’s theo... ...known of his secret desires and wanted to castrate him. In this way, castration theory can be related to the Oedipus Complex and the theory of the id, ego, and superego. To many, Freud’s theories seem bizarre and eccentric. Once we learn and understand his ideas, we can see how these theories can be connected with Oedipus Tyrannus. Now that we understand Freud’s ideas, and his interpretation of Oedipus Tyrannus, we can make our own judgements and form our own thoughts and ideas of the play. Works Cited: Mullahay, Patrick. Oedipus Myth and Complex. A Review of Psychoanalytic Theory. New York: Hermitage Press, 1951. "Psychoanalytic Criticism." Assumptions College. Worcester, Massachusetts. October 11, 2000 http://www.aswsumption.edu/HTML/Academic/users/ady/HHGateway/Gateway/Psychapp.html. Rudnytski, Peter. Freud and Oedipus. New York: Columbia UP, 1987.

Great Gatsby Ending Essay

This book interprets the overall theme of hope as what Gatsby had been driven by but in the end did not achieve. The green light of Daisy’s dock drove Gatsby and he believed in it. He was eluded by it in the past, but there was still hope that he would one day achieve his goal. This book shows how Gatsby worked to achieve his goals relentlessly but in the end he failed to achieve his hopes and dreams. The ending of the book interprets that you cannot live in the past, because it will hinder your hopes and dreams. You can have hopes and dreams, but living in the past will hinder your achieving them. Fitzgerald leaves the ending to the book open to interpretation. The point of having hopes and dreams is to achieve a goal, however Gatsby did not achieve his in the end. Gatsby is delusional and cannot accept the fact that his dream is gone. He will continue to strive for his goal, denying the fact that in the end it will not happen. The overall theme of the book is that you can have hopes and dreams that will drive you, but ultimately these hopes and dreams are probably unattainable. Ultimately, the American Dream may be a myth, but that does not mean that you shouldn’t chase your dreams. The ending of this book stresses that Gatsby every day was committed to his dream of being with Daisy again. The green dock light reminded Gatsby of this goal every day and he focused his hopes and dreams upon this and dreamed that they would one day be together again. This however, was a bad move because Gatsby lived in the past in order to believe that his hopes and dreams would occur. He had once been engaged to Daisy five years earlier and thought that even though she was married and had a kid that she could just drop it all so that things for Gatsby would just go back to the way that things were. This living in the past does not help dreams and goals.

Health of Men and Women Essay Example

Health of Men and Women Essay Example Health of Men and Women Paper Health of Men and Women Paper Developments in health and medicine have enabled men and women to live longer lives than their ancestors. Based on a survey conducted by National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Paddock (13 September 2007) reported that life expectancy of Americans had increased to 78 years in 2005. However, the life expectancy was only 76 years in 1995, whereas in 1955, the life expectancy of Americans was only 70 years. Both men and women are more careful about their health, and dietary requirements since they consume nutritious diet according to their age, undertake fitness programs in heath clubs, and aim for achieving spiritual elevation as well as mental peace through meditation and yogic exercises. In spite of an increase in life expectancy of humans, they are still vulnerable to several killer diseases like heart disease, cancer, stroke, suicide, diabetes, and many other fatal diseases. A few health concerns for men and women along with their preventive measures, top five diseases that claim the maximum lives of men and women, and the effectiveness of fitness programs in professional health clubs are discussed in this paper. Common Health Problems and Their Prevention Both men and women are vulnerable to the impurities of the surrounding environment. Every human has an immune system, which guards against the toxins, the harmful bacteria and viruses, and the allergens. However, there is a tolerance limit beyond which the human body can not cope up with the deleterious disease causing organisms. As a result, men and women become sick when one or more of their organs catch infection. In its report dated April 2, 2009, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention highlighted that heart disease is the number one killer of Americans, with 652,091 deaths annually. Cancer, stroke, chronic lower respiratory diseases, accidents, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, influenza, pneumonia, nephritis, and septicemia are the other leading causes of deaths in American men and women. All these diseases that are prevalent in adult men and women, tend to increase in their risk of occurrence with the age of an individual. The risk of occurrence reduces when balanced diet and regular exercises are incorporated in the daily lifestyle. Further, hypertension is often an important factor that causes stroke and heart diseases. Although awareness about these fatal diseases can be effective in preventive their occurrence, it depends on the individual to avert such an occurrence of a life threatening disease by strictly adhering to the prescriptions of a physician, and to avail of the latest medical technology available for diagnosis and treatment. In a shocking revelation from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Zamora highlighted that â€Å"women are 33% more likely than men to visit a doctor in general.† Men are considered to be strong and resilient, and that is why, they tend to hide their health problems from others. They ignore bruises and pains, for which women would normally seek the advice of a doctor. Small health concerns, when ignored, and not properly diagnosed in their early stages, lead to life-threatening diseases. For example, let us take the case of lung cancer that is caused by smoking of tobacco, and by exposure to air pollution. Both men and women are vulnerable to fatal lung cancer, but they can reduce the risk of its occurrence by quitting smoking, and by preventing direct exposure to air pollutants like dust, and smoke from vehicles as well as industrial chimneys. National Cancer Institute has reported more than 100 types of cancer including the dreadful colon cancer. Due to a poor intake of dietary fiber by men and women, there is a poor peristaltic movement of the digestive tract, which leads to constipation, flatulence, and an irritable temperament. However, a balanced diet having appropriate amounts of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber can prevent the major health problems in both men and women. The amount of calories intake depends on the age of individual, the gender, and the kind of work performed- active or sedentary. Based on the findings of United States Department of Agriculture, Los Angeles Times (2009) reported that active females from 19-30 years of age, need 2400 calories per day, while active males in the same age group need 3000 calories per day. The requirement of calories per day is 2000 for sedentary females in the age group of 19-30. The same trend applies to sedentary males: 19-30 age group requires 2400 calories per day. Thus, if the amount of calories be taken according to the discussion, the major health problems in men and women can be prevented. Top 5 Diseases That Cause Deaths in Men Zamora stated that heart disease, stroke, suicide, prostate cancer, and lung cancer are the top five diseases that cause deaths in men. Neglect of their healthcare, and avoiding a meeting with a physician were cited as the two main factors, which aggravate an illness in men to an extent that it eventually leads to an early death. From a study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Zamora reported that 25% men suffer from a heart disease. It was also stated that men have their first heart attack at the age of 65.8 years, but they could live much longer, if they take diagnostic tests, and proper treatment. Based on the conclusions drawn by American Heart Association, Zamora mentioned that increasing age, smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes were the major risk factors for the occurrence of a heart disease. The second major killer disease in men is stroke, which is caused predominantly, by hypertension, although occurrence of heart disease, smoking, physical inactivity, and obesity also lead to stroke. The third major cause of death in men is suicide. Zamora reported that untreated depression is the root cause of suicide in men. The fourth leading cause of death in men is lung cancer. It was stated by Zamora that smoking, air pollution, and exposure to asbestos were the major factors, which lead to occurrence of lung cancer. Prostate Cancer is the fifth killer disease in men, which is caused mainly due to intake of high-fat diet. Zamora recommended early diagnosis as the only preventive option for treatment of prostate cancer.

The Issue Essay Example

The Issue Essay Example The Issue Essay The Issue Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Journal 1 The Issue Poverty is a major cause for mental and psychological imbalance. Many poor people in the world are more likely to be affected by mental and psychological diseases. Psychological and mental conditions can also be aggravated by the conditions in which poor people live in. Majority of the poor people suffering from mental diseases are exposed to harsh living and social conditions. Many of them can barely cater for their treatment expenses. Most poor people cannot access health care centers and in most cases are abandoned by their next of kin. Poverty allows mental health to thrive; it presents a perfect case for people to suffer from mental illnesses. Poor people are faced with many problems. They are always anxious of what tomorrow holds for them. They are always faced with the challenge of providing for their families even when there is nothing to offer. They live in constant fear of not succeeding in their quest for a desirable livelihood. Poverty is characterized with a daily strug gle to survive, and the mental implications that come with failure are adverse. All these factors create very favorable conditions for mental and psychological complications. Poverty and mental health therefore represent a vicious cycle that ravages through society’s poor leaving an indelible mark in the lives of its victims. Children from poor families are more unlikely to get a decent education and usually perform poorly compared to their counterparts from well off families. Poor people who are mentally ill also suffer from a variety of human rights violations. Most of them undergo both sexual and physical abuse and face many forms of discrimination. Creating a favorable and comfortable environment for poor people suffering from mental illnesses will improve their welfare. Interventions in this case will go a long way in eradicating poverty as well as ensuring that mental illness is kept at check. Governments therefore need to intervene in this area of public health to deal with poverty as a whole, and ensure mentally ill people gain access to treatment. Mental heath professionals must ensure that they treat cases of mental illnesses among the po or with the deserved importance. Research Question How can the government and mental health professionals intervene to ensure that cases of mental illness among the poor reduce? The issues affecting mental health patients require policy intervention. The government and stakeholders in public health must act to ensure that people who are poor and mentally ill receive assistance. It is the sole duty of the government to provide accessible and affordable healthcare to its citizens. The government also has a duty to ensure that citizens live in good conditions. Mental health professionals too are obliged by the nature of their profession to participate in any initiative that might improve the welfare of mental health patients. An improvement in the conditions of living of mentally ill patients will benefit not only the patients but also the mental health profession as a whole. The interaction between mental health and poverty represent a vicious cycle that in turn affects a country’s economy and its development as a whole. It als o means that these people are at an increased risk of becoming poorer. The government needs to intervene in order to stop this vicious cycle. The government must put in place policies that will address the issue of mental illness in poor households. Government policy must therefore address the twin issues of poverty and mental health. Access to mental health care should be made easy and poor people should be assisted in seeking specialized health care for their mental health problems. This is a critical issue in health, wellness and psychology. Poverty affects the wellness of a person while mental health touches on both health and psychology. This research links well with my concentrations and will help focus attention on the plight of poor mentally ill people. It shall easily assist in finding solutions to the problems they face. Annotation Lipman, Ellen L, and Michael H. Boyle. Linking Poverty and Mental Health: A Lifespan View. Ottawa, Ont: Provincial Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health at CHEO, 2011. Internet resource. In their book, these authors examine the issues presented by my research question. Their book studies the relationship between poverty and the psycho-mental health of youth. In this book Lipman et al, suggest that the mental effects that poverty has on the youth can sometimes extend even to adulthood. They argue that there is a strong relationship between poverty and mental problems among the youth and that compared to youth from well off families, they are most likely to develop mental problems. They say that mental health is not only affected by household poverty but also communal poverty. They add that mental health is affected by several factors that include familial conflicts, the mental health of the parents and social distress. Davis, Ann, and Phil Hill. Poverty, Social Exclusion and Mental Health in the Uk 1978-2000: A Resource Pack. London: Mental Health Foundation, 2001. Print. In their book, Ann and Hill clearly illustrate the existing relationship between poverty and mental health. They argue that, for policies that address these needs to be formulated, there is a need for the policy makers to understand the underlying effects of poverty on mental health. They propose a system that will grant the poor and mentally ill benefits that will enable them seek appropriate treatment. They also propose that governments must also address the needs of the poor and establish agendas for communities ravaged by poverty. They call for the establishment of poverty awareness education in the instruction of mental health professionals so that they may respond to such issues with the urgency and importance required. Davis, Ann, and Phil Hill. Poverty, Social Exclusion and Mental Health in the Uk 1978-2000: A Resource Pack. London: Mental Health Foundation, 2001. Print. Lipman, Ellen L, and Michael H. Boyle. Linking Poverty and Mental Health: A Lifespan View. Ottawa, Ont: Provincial Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health at CHEO, 2011. Web. 28 January 2013.

Wk5 Progress a Assign. INTL304 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Wk5 Progress a Assign. INTL304 - Assignment Example Measurement and signatures intelligence is a form of material sampling intelligence collection which detects, locates and explains those characteristics which are possessed by the target objects. The data which is collected from these objects is then translated into understandable target characteristics. It is used to avail needed intelligence to commander all through the spectrum of operations so as to give them a full understanding. Raw information which is to be later processed is to be collected through materials acquisition intelligence collection. A number of sources can be used to collect this important data. Signals intelligence is the first source whereby interception of signals between people is done. This is done by the National Security Agency which collects processes and reports the signal intelligence. Imagery intelligence is also collected from visual photography and radars sensors by the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency. The central Measurement and Signature intelligence organization identifies and describes the characteristics of specific targets through use of scientific and technical intelligence. To collect intelligence from human sources, the Central Intelligence Agency, Department of State and the FBI are used. Intelligence is also collected from the publicly available information such as print and mass media by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service and the National Air and space Intelligence center. Lastly, the information available in the imagery and geospatial data is collected by the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency1. With increase in nuclear attacks threats, there is a change in demand for innovation of technologies, which can identify the origin of a detonated nuclear weapon. The tool, which carries out this particular task, has the capability of collecting and identifying the radioisotopes

The beauty of islam art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The beauty of islam art - Essay Example The beauty of Islamic art, considering outward beauty and inward beauty, has its source in the past. The human activities are integrated to the extent into Islamic; they are a shore up for beauty that really transcends these actions for it is the Islamic beauty itself (Critch, 2004, 8). The art of Islamic receives its beauty from Islamic itself and not from any other ethic genius, and just as the science of Islamic originated in the Hadith and Qur’an, so the Islamic art typical form is rooted in the Islamic spirit. Inward beauty is the beauty of the heart or of the soul, and which necessary emanates outwards, transforming each individual action hooked on an art, and all art into Gods remembrance. As Islamic art is essential to all Muslim’s part of life and makes it beautiful, so the Islamic art ought to be used to invent the things of the everyday life with beauty. In Islamic art, the emphasis is not an art in favor of art’s sake, but it is an art on

Private and public school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Private and public school - Essay Example It is much less costly to learn in a public school which is offered free by the government than a private school. Of course, with private schools dependent on tuition, private grants and donations to finance their operations, they would have to be costly. IES gives an estimate of the average tuition fees for US private day schools at $12,000, $13,000 and $15,000 for grades 1 to 3, 6 to 8 and 9 to 12 respectively. In most cases, these figures exclude the cost of books and other school supplies. It therefore makes economic sense to enroll into a public school. Generally, students in public schools receive the most current curricula, thus gain appropriate skills to survive in the modern world. As noted by Strauss, public school teachers would be more likely to have certification and undergo continuous training in their respective areas of studies. This keeps them up-to-date on research-based instructional standards and also on resources supported by relevant professional entities. On the other hand, private school teachers would be rarely impelled to undertake such trainings. Despite much criticism, it would be appreciated that current instructional practices and teacher certification play a critical role in the performance of students in public schools. However, critics of public schools argue that private schools perform better academically than public schools. As noted by Strauss, a majority of private schools are operated in a closed door fashion. This has been noted to boost their performance. Additionally, proprietors of such schools do all within their means to make sure their students pass so as to be competitive in their business. Teachers spend more time with the students than would be the case in public schools. They even develop customized assessment systems for their students to better understand their learning styles and help them succeed academically. Nonetheless, credible studies that statistically adjust these

Rational Choice Theory Essay Example for Free

Rational Choice Theory Essay A Significant theory to me will be the Rational Choice theory. This theory explains how people make decisions by seeking the most cost-effective means to achieve a specific goal without reflecting on the worthiness of that goal; to maximize personal advantage by weighing costs against benefits without moral or ethical values. It is a popular theory as it is an efficient system that explains and predicts a behavior of a person, and to larger extent, a collective group of people. Understanding this theory would allow a person to understand quickly how decisions are made, and the impact of the decisions on a society — how it functions and performs economically. Based on this theory, people’s measured decisions are often calculated based on financial benefits and costs. Singapore, by and large, has functioned on this theory, which has benefited from this tool of measurement and prospered since the days of nation building. However, this theory will work perfectly only if everyone in the society shares the same values, had perfect information, and the ability to make the most rational decisions at any point in time. People living in a society with homogenous values, such as Singapore, have similar behavioural patterns, which enable this theory to work. However, on a global scale, this theory will no longer work as peoples’ values are varied and culturally diverse. The most rational choice for one man might be an irrational choice for another. And when this occurs, there will be unpredictability and the results that follow can be disastrous. The Great Financial Crisis is a good example of the rational choice theory gone awry. Financial institutions’ goal is to maximize profits. To maximize profits, financial institutions have to find ways to create profits. One of these methods was to get creative with offering mortgage to people who wanted to own homes. Credit terms were made easy and the securities in place to safeguard the process were ignored. These consolidated loans were sold to big investment banks which resold them as securities offering high returns. Credit agencies working for these investment banks told investors’ that securities were safe. Selling a financial product based on a large group on loans was supposed to limit the risk if a few loans went bad. However, a large number of loans, later known as toxic, were borro wed by individuals with no financial means. Furthermore, many of these loans were offered in the form of adjustable rate mortgage, which started out with an initial period of low interest rate, and later ballooned up to three times the initial rate. All these borrowers were saddled with a monthly mortgage payment way beyond their monthly income. To make matters worse, the sprint to own a house on such easy terms had created a housing bubble, causing house prices to escalate astronomically. This phenomenon further pushed people to borrow way beyond their means. Consequently, millions of homeowners were unable to repay their mortgage loans. The financial institutions disregarded moral and ethical values to draw up shady credit schemes. Consolidated mortgages were bundled in with the toxic ones and resold for profits. Individuals felt the need to buy a house simply because everyone else was buying a house without the discretion of affordability and the hyper-inflated housing prices. Ea ch acted on imperfect knowledge to maximize personal benefits and disregard moral and ethical values. Rational choice theory can be an efficient method as a decision-making tool to attain goals, but it is definitely too simple an application on a macro context. To make a good decision, one has to balance cost-benefit analysis with moral and cultural factors.

Impacts of the Imaginary Number on Mathematics

Impacts of the Imaginary Number on Mathematics Mathematics was mans first approach to understanding the world around them since the beginning of humanity. The study grew with history in various forms with every human civilization, and as time passed, more discoveries were made that allowed humanity to reach great heights in agriculture, architecture, social structure, and their culture. Great mathematicians continued extensive studies and experiments with various values that existed in their time to further improve the study. However, the concept of the imaginary number i was developed fairly recently. This essay is written from the fascination of abstract mathematical concepts, to develop the impacts of the imaginary number on mathematics. In order to research this topic, I am required to view numerous proposed and established claims of the imaginary numbers history, and find these ideas being used with real numbers to obtain solutions to problems we have today in other subjects such as physics, and astronomy. The purpose of this essay is to further research the significance of the imaginary number, i, and its contributions to modern mathematics, physics, engineering, and other sciences. The expansion of knowledge on this topic will further propel the study of mathematics in the future. Mathematics is the only subject that can explain the universe in a logical, unbiased, and truthful way. Mathematics has been in the roots of the development of advanced civilizations, in any time period. As humanity advanced, mathematics expanded. However, dilemmas were created as a consequence of its advancements. People created concepts within mathematics which a human brain could not fully understand. Concepts such as the imaginary number, i, are impossible to truly comprehend with our limited minds. However, the beauty of mathematics is that even the most impossible seeming, imaginary number, i has a history, and has significant impacts to modern mathematics. In mathematics, a square number is defined as an integer that is the product of some integer with itself. For example, 9 is a square number, as it is the product of 3 3. This can be written in an alternate notation, 32, which is pronounced as 3 squared. The name square comes from the fact that the area of a square is the product of its 2 equal side lengths. A square number is always a positive value, as positive positive = positive, and negative negative = positive also. If squaring exists as an operation, there has to be the counter operation; the square root, or . The square root takes a square number and reduces it to the single factor that was squared to form the square number. For example, = 3. As all square numbers are positive, square roots of negative numbers are illogical, or it was only considered illogical in the pastà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ = i, or the imaginary number, has the property of becoming a real number when raised to the power of an even number; i2 = ()2 = 1, or; i4 = ()4 = 1. A real number include all of the rational numbers, as in it is a whole number, or has an ending decimal value, and all of the irrational numbers, which have unending decimal values. The characteristic that all 3 types of numbers have in common is that they can be represented in a number line, in some form. Unlike these real numbers, i has no way to be represented on a line.   Furthermore, i is not the only imaginary number; it is the unit imaginary number, used as a part of a complex number. A complex number is a combination of a real number and an imaginary number, taking the form of x + iy, where x and y are real numbers. For example, 12 5i is a complex number. However, when x = 0, leaving only iy, such as 16i, it is then called a purely imaginary number. In contrast, if y = 0 leaving only x, the complex number is then a real number. In this sense, all real numbers are actually just subsets of complex numbers. In calculations, complex numbers are often paired with conjugates, which is defined as the binomial formed by negating the second term of a binomial, in the form of x  ± yi; in relation to complex numbers, it is the complex number with the imaginary part having the opposite sign. For example, the conjugate of the complex number 12 5i is 12 + 5i. These conjugates functions to eliminate the imaginary numbers from the denominator of a complex fraction, by multiplying the numerator and the denominator by the appropriate conjugate. The conjugate always = 1, so it does not alter the value of any equation. For instance, in an equation such as    it can be simplified by multiplying (which equals 1) to it, resulting in = =   yielding a single complex number, As shown, the imaginary number is not some abstract concept of virtually zero use; it can be applied to real mathematics as simply as such. However, the idea of an imaginary number was not widely accepted until relatively recently in history, in the last 2 centuries or so. Before the concept of imaginary numbers were even conceived of, mathematics in the western world was restricted to geometry, led by the Ancient Greeks. The Algebra that modern mathematics is familiar with was invented by the Hindus, which was later translated and improved by the Arabs, spear-headed by Arab Mathematician Al-Khwarizmi(780-850). At the time, however, the solutions to polynomials were restricted to positive solutions, omitting any negative quantities. Al-Khwarizmis algebra was then translated from Arab to Latin by Gerardus Cremonensis, and Leonardo Bonacci, also known as Fibonacci. (MerinoOrlando) The first recorded use of complex numbers in seen in the works by Gerolamo Cardano. Cardano was an Italian mathematician during the 16th century Renaissance. In fact, he is recognized as one of the most influential mathematicians of the time, being a prominent member for the foundation of probability, binomial coefficients, and binomial theorems. He also contributed to the invention of the combination lock, and the modern gyroscope. He published over 200 works over the course of his lifetime. One of his famous works, the Ars Magna, published in 1545, included the problem To divide 10 in two parts, the product of which is 40, or finding the solution to 10 + 40 = 0. (BogomolnyAlexander, Remarks on the History of Complex Numbers) Cardano usually used geometric algebra in order to avoid any use of negative numbers by considering several different forms of quadratic equations; however, he decided to solve the question he declares impossible. He first divided 10 in half, making each 5. Then according to the methods he discussed in the previous section of his book, he squares 5, and subtracts 40 from it, leaving à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢15. He then square roots -15, which he then adds and subtracts from 5, leaving him with the roots (5 + ) and (5 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ). In mathematical terms, his operation was   Ã‚   52 = 25 25 40 = -15 5  ± (5 + ) (5 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ) = 40. This is confirmed by simply multiplying the binomials: (25 5 + 5 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢15) =(25 + 15) = 40. However, Cardano writes that in conclusion, this solution is useless, as it cannot be performed. (MerinoOrlando) The next significant milestone was achieved by the mathematician Rafael Bombelli in his (1572) work, Algebra. He was the first to recognize the significance of à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1, and notates it pià º di meno, or plus of minus in Italian. Bombelli was far more familiar with the operation of negative numbers than Cardano, and establishes the rules when handling different signed numbers. His works are as follows; the following is directly translated from his work in Italian: Plus times plus makes plus (1 1 = 1) Minus times minus makes plus ( 1 1 = 1 ) Plus times minus makes minus ( 1 1 = 1 ) Minus times plus makes minus. ( 1 1 = 1 ) He then annunciates the behavior of the number plus of minus: Plus of minus times plus of minus makes minus ( = 1 ) Plus of minus times minus of minus makes plus ( = 1 ) Minus of minus times plus of minus makes plus ( = 1 ) Minus of minus times minus of minus makes minus ( = 1 ) (BogomolnyAlexander, Remarks on the History of Complex Numbers) Bobelli took the same approach as other mathematician at the time when encountering negative roots as a solution to cubic and quadratic equations, often omitting them completely, or disregarding them. However, he did attempt once to solve a cubic using imaginary numbers, and succeeded, without realizing its validity. The term imaginary was coined by the philosopher and mathematician Renà © Descartes (1596-1650); he also coined the term real number to distinguish between real and imaginary roots of polynomials. He did not actually contribute to the mathematics aspect of i, but just provided a name for the poorly understood concept. John Wallis (1616 -1703) was first to introduce a geometric interpretation of complex numbers, and believe that negative numbers were larger than infinity, but still less than 0. This thought was shared by the famous mathematician Leonhard Euler (1707 1783), who introduced the symbol i as the symbol for   , and linked the exponential and trigonometric functions in the famous formula eit = cos(t) + i  ·sin(t). The geometric interpretation of complex numbers that modern mathematics agree with was first introduced by Caspar Wessel (1745-1818). Wessel treated complex numbers as vectors (which, he did not use the term vector), and derived most of their properties, including trigonometric form of multiplication (or, algebraic multiplication). The acceptance of complex numbers in mathematical society was further elevated by Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) with the use of complex numbers to Number Theory. Gauss introduced the term complex number, which he defined as the combination of real and imaginary numbers. However, i was still not fully accepted and understood until the mid-19th century, from the works of Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet, (1805-1865). He was responsible for the notation (x,y); he defined ordered pairs of real numbers of real numbers (a.b) to be a couple. This further implemented complex numbers as vectors or points on a plane, vector operators, and matrices. (MerinoOrlando) As one can observe from the historical track of i, complex numbers were abstract concepts of little value to mathematics until the last two centuries; many, such as Cardano and Bombelli, disregarded i as a valid method for finding solutions. However, today, with a better understanding of complex numbers, we can now solve equations they werent able to solve for centuries, with proper explanations to support the answer. With the knowledge of i, we are able to solve through some of the questions that the greatest mathematicians during the last few decades couldnt solve. One of the problems was derived from the cubic formula, invented by the Mathematician Del Ferro (1465 1526). To solve a quadratic equation, or an equation having the form , means finding the values of x for when y =0. In other words, when the equation is graphed on a xy-coordinate graph, the x values of the points where the line crosses the x-axis. Conveniently, an Indian mathematician named Brahmagupta (597-668 AD) invented a quadratic formula in to facilitate the process of finding the solutions: , where terms a, b, and c correspond with the letters in . (KnaustHelmut)While this is not the quadratic formula we are accustomed to today, , it was still a revolutionary way to solve quadratics. Del Ferro aimed to create a formula for cubic equations that have the same level of convenience as the quadratic formula., and he succeeds. The formula looked something like this:   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   , for the cubic equation in the form of   Cardano later acquired this secretly guarded formula and modified it to a much simpler form, by using a change of variable x = to eliminate the x2 value to form a simpler cubic equation, . Cardano published this formula in the previously mentioned Ars Magna (KnaustHelmut). However, Cardano faced a major problem; in a slightly different version of the equation, he found that his formula would break under certain circumstances: when ; when plugged into Cardanos extra modified formula, = , The result involves a square root of negative numbers; these negative square roots were enough of a problem to cause Cardano to stop in his progress on this area. At the time, all negative roots as a solution was considered by mathematicians as the problems way of saying there are no solutions, and in most cases, it was true. Bombelli, however, while still not accepting the validity of the imaginary number, finished solving Cardanos problem.   In the instance of a cubic, there has to be at least 1 real solution, because of the nature of the shape of a cubic on the xy- graph. At least 1 point had to cross the x- axis, at all circumstances. This is one of the Fundamental Theorems of Algebra; a polynomial function has to have n number of solutions for the largest nth power. Through testing some integers, Bombelli found that 4 is one of the solution to the equation: 43 = 15(4) + 4 64 = 60 + 4 64 = 64 The solution, as anyone can see, is a real number; for this to be the case, Bombelli realized that the root of i parts of each half of the equation needs to cancel out, or equal to zero when added together, like this: He then used this idea to form complex conjugates, and where and b are constants that we need to obtain, which we equate to each half of the equation: We can then start solving for the constants by cubing both sides of the equation: )33 = )( + =   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   = Now we need to separate the real and the imaginary parts:    and Now since we know that When we plug it into one of the derived equation, With these values, we now know that and When we cube these values, we can see that they do indeed equal what we started with:   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   =   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   = And more importantly, when we add the two parts together as the formula tells us to do, we get the solution, 4. = 2 + 2 x = 4 Bombelli definitely solved Cardanos problem, using Interstingly, neither the original problem nor the answer had anything to do with but in the method, we can see that by extending the number system to include as a valid value, it is crucial to finding the answer, as the Mathematician Jacques Hadamard quoted, the shortest path between 2 truths in the real domain passes through the complex domain. However, when Bombelli succeeded in finding this solution, he discarded his discovery and considered as sophistries, or tricks that only exist to solve problems like these. We, as thinkers of modern mathematics, know that this is not true, and there are much more sophisticated aspects to complex numbers. (BogomolnyAlexander, Remarks on the History of Complex Numbers) How, then, are imaginary numbers valid? First of all, we need to understand exactly what limitations real numbers have. We are already familiar with the number line; it is an infinitely long line comprised of all real numbers, positive and negative. It includes all integers, all fractions and decimals, and even irrational numbers, or numbers with infinitely long decimal places, such as or . However, there is no place for on this line, and for centuries, no mathematicians could find a place for it because of one reason; i is 3-dimensional. In other words, because of the fact that i does not fit in a real line, all multiples of i, positive and negative, form another line, perpendicular to the line of real numbers. In the xy- coordinate plane, i forms a third axis perpendicular to both the x-axis and the y-axis. With this comprehension, we can further define complex numbers as functioning points or vectors in the Complex Plane. A vector is defined as a quantity having direction as well as magnitude, especially as determining the position of one point in space relative to another in a plane. This property of i opens up exponentially many possible uses of i in the 3-dimensional physical world. The term imaginary make the perception of i to be some abstract, incomprehensible mathematical fallacy by many people, and it was true, until last 2 centuries. The truth is, i is as real as any other number; many people today argue that the Cartesian name of the value, the imaginary number is misleading, because of all of the real potentials the value actually holds. In physics alone, complex numbers are used to calculate the amount of stress on structures, resonance, for the manipulation of large matrices in modeling various figures, and is especially used extensively when dealing with electrical current, and wavelength. In electrical engineering, values can be divided into scalar quantities and complex quantities; scalar is what real numbers are called in the scientific language. Some examples of scalar quantities include voltage produced by a power source, the resistance of any component in an electric circuit, measured in ohms (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦), and electrical current through a wire, measured in amps. During some circuit manipulation, electrical engineers found that in alternating current circuits, voltage, current and resistance, or in physics terminology, impedance measured in AC, were not outputting scalar quantities like other DC circuits. They instead had alternating direction and amplitude (or magnitude), which as a result, had another dimension of frequency and phase shift. Engineers found that it was impossible to organize and represent all of these non-scalar values with real numbers; therefore, they turned to complex numbers, that were multi-dimensional in nature, and could express the 2 -dimentional quantity of frequency and phase shift in a single complex number. However, in physics and electronics, the letter j is used in the place of i to prevent confusion, as the letter i is used to represent the value of current. Therefore, scientists would write the complex numbers in the form of . (RobertsDonna) In electrical science, engineers are required to calculate missing values based off of given data, using specific equations such as E = I à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Z, where E = voltage, I = current, and Z = impedance. For example, if the voltage in a series circuit is 45 + j10 volts and the impedance is 3 + j4 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦, the scientist is required to be able to calculate the current by simply using the equation and inserting the values: amps (RobertsDonna) In contrast to some of the math problems we solved previously, the answer to these questions remain complex, which is natural, since the value still has to represent a 2-dimensional quantity of phase changes and frequency. These data are applied to anything electronic, from computers to washing machines, from someones smartphones to traffic lights; imaginary numbers are being used in the real world everywhere, which is why there are even arguments about the terminology of imaginary should be edited to an updated, mathematically correct term, such as lateral numbers for its lateral behavior in complex planes. i is truly valid. The concept of i existed for such a short period of time, yet what it allowed us to accomplish within that time is beyond imaginable. Society saw an explosion of technological development, improved machines, and programming; all of which would have been impossible without the understanding of i in the world run by technology and electricity. However, the most crucial achievements of i is that from a number that we considered to not exist in this world, we learned more about fundamental laws of physics, the dimensions we live in, and the world, the real world; we need to learn from it, and appreciate it for existing. References   Ã‚   Bogomolny, Alexander. Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles. 2015. Article. 17 September 2016. Knaust, Helmut. The Cubic Formula. 20 5 1998. sosmath. Article. 24 September 2016. Merino, Orlando. A Short History of Complex Numbers. Kingston, January 2006. Document. Roberts, Donna. Does Anyone Ever Really Use Complex Numbers? 2012. Article. 25 September 2016. Weisstein, Eric W. Complex Number. 4 September 2016. from Wolfram MathWorld. Article. 19 September 2016.